| MSW | Municipal solid waste |
| MWL | Municipal waste leachate |
| ARB | Antibiotic resistant bacteria |
| ARGs | Antibiotic resistance genes |
| MRGs | Metal resistance genes |
| AR | Antibiotic resistance |
| AMR | Antimicrobial resistance |
| HGT | Horizontal gene transfer |
| MGEs | Mobile genetic elements |
| WWTPs | Wastewater treatment plants |
| PPCPs | Pharmaceuticals and personal care products |
| EDCs | Endocrine disrupting chemicals |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| COD | Chemical oxygen demand |
| PFAS | Polyfluoroalkyl substances |
| PFAA | Perfluoroalkyl acids |
| ECs | Emerging contaminants |