Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to the frequencies of tea, alcohol, or fruit consumption.
| Variables | Tea Consumption | Alcohol Consumption | Fruit Consumption | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | Less than Daily | Daily | Never | Less than Daily | Daily | Less than Weekly | Weekly | Daily | |||
| Participants, n (%) | 178,015 (35.4) |
192,565 (38.3) |
132,041 (26.3) |
239,402 (47.6) |
217,769 (43.3) |
45,450 (9.0) |
203,728 (40.5) |
205,162 (40.8) |
93,731 (18.7) |
||
| Age, year | 53.2 | 50.3 | 52.8 | 53.1 | 50.4 | 53.7 | 52.8 | 51.3 | 51.6 | ||
| Women, % | 76.8 | 58.1 | 35.9 | 79.3 | 47.5 | 6.0 | 55.2 | 58.2 | 68.3 | ||
| Urban area, % | 43.9 | 46.2 | 40.9 | 40.9 | 46.8 | 47.1 | 24.1 | 45.5 | 83.9 | ||
| Middle school and higher, % | 43.7 | 51.3 | 52.9 | 46.7 | 52.7 | 45.0 | 42.5 | 50.6 | 61.3 | ||
| Agricultural and industrial workers, % | 57.5 | 56.0 | 54.4 | 55.2 | 56.2 | 60.3 | 61.7 | 54.4 | 47.2 | ||
| Household income ≥10,000 CNY/year, % | 67.7 | 73.7 | 75.3 | 69.9 | 73.8 | 71.9 | 65.9 | 74.3 | 81.9 | ||
| Current smoking a, % | |||||||||||
| Men | 56.8 | 63.8 | 76.8 | 61.9 | 66.0 | 78.7 | 73.2 | 65.1 | 58.6 | ||
| Women | 2.4 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 8.7 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.9 | ||
| Physical activity, MET-h/d | 21.4 | 21.6 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 21.5 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.3 | ||
| Average weekly consumption ≥4 days, % | |||||||||||
| Red meat | 44.2 | 47.6 | 49.7 | 45.1 | 48.2 | 53.5 | 40.9 | 48.7 | 55.4 | ||
| Dairy products | 9.9 | 12.1 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 13.2 | 10.4 | 5.8 | 9.6 | 21.0 | ||
| Fresh vegetables | 98.1 | 98.2 | 98.8 | 98.2 | 98.6 | 97.9 | 97.0 | 99.1 | 99.4 | ||
| Fresh fruits | 24.1 | 29.0 | 32.4 | 26.5 | 30.9 | 22.9 | - | - | - | ||
| Daily tea consumption, % | |||||||||||
| Men | - | - | - | 36.2 | 39.3 | 50.6 | 39.9 | 40.7 | 44.7 | ||
| Women | - | - | - | 14.8 | 18.8 | 30.5 | 13.7 | 15.6 | 20.7 | ||
| Daily alcohol consumption, % | |||||||||||
| Men | 14.6 | 17.5 | 26.4 | - | - | - | 25.2 | 18.6 | 15.7 | ||
| Women | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.6 | - | - | - | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | ||
| Use of dietary supplement ≥1 month, % | |||||||||||
| Vitamins | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 7.6 | ||
| Calcium, iron, or zinc | 6.0 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 11.4 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4 | 23.7 | 23.9 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 23.5 | 23.4 | 23.8 | 23.8 | ||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.879 | 0.882 | 0.885 | 0.882 | 0.880 | 0.887 | 0.883 | 0.883 | 0.878 | ||
| Hypertension, % | 34.6 | 34.6 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 32.4 | 39.5 | 36.0 | 35.2 | 33.3 | ||
| Diabetes, % | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 4.3 | ||
Abbreviations: MET, metabolic equivalent of task. All variables were adjusted for age, sex, and study regions, as appropriate. a Current smokers included former smokers who had stopped smoking because of illness.