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. 2021 Mar 25;57(4):312. doi: 10.3390/medicina57040312

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Parasagittal scan of thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS); (B) Transverse/oblique scan of TPVS after 75-degree anti-clockwise rotation from A. The needle tip’s target is TPVS, which, after probe rotation, appears enlarged and lies anteriorly to superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL)/IIMb (see text).TM, trapezius muscle; RM, rhomboid muscle; ESM, erector spinae muscle; EIM, external intercostal muscle; IIM, internal intercostal muscle; TP, transverse vertebral process; SCTL, superior costotransverse ligament; IIMb, internal intercostal membrane; TPVS, thoracic paravertebral space.

(A) Parasagittal scan of thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS); (B) Transverse/oblique scan of TPVS after 75-degree anti-clockwise rotation from A. The needle tip’s target is TPVS, which, after probe rotation, appears enlarged and lies anteriorly to superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL)/IIMb (see text).TM, trapezius muscle; RM, rhomboid muscle; ESM, erector spinae muscle; EIM, external intercostal muscle; IIM, internal intercostal muscle; TP, transverse vertebral process; SCTL, superior costotransverse ligament; IIMb, internal intercostal membrane; TPVS, thoracic paravertebral space.