Table 2.
Lipid profile and patient distribution according to food categories and the score assigned.
| Patients [n, %] | TC [Median, IQR] | HDL-C [Median, IQR] | LDL-C [Median, IQR] | TG [Median, IQR] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit | |||||
| <150 g/day | 26 (24.5%) | 238 (229–250) | 52 (42–58) | 156 (148–164) | 220 (142–270) |
| 150–300 g/day | 20 (18.9%) | 238 (232–247) | 54 (48–66) | 161 (147–164) | 209 (132–227) |
| >300 g/day | 60 (56.6%) | 251 (239–259) | 59 (51–68) | 163 (150–165) | 149 (134–225) |
| p-value † |
p = 0.003 <150 vs. >300 g/day p = 0.01 (p = 0.003) 150–300 vs. >300 g/day p = 0.04 (p = 0.01) |
p = 0.03 <150 vs. >300 g/day p = 0.04 (p = 0.01) |
NS | NS | |
| Vegetables | |||||
| <100 g/day | 36 (34.0%) | 237 (230–249) | 51 (45–60) | 155 (149–164) | 217 (145–235) |
| 100–250 g/day | 32 (30.2%) | 249 (238–257) | 57 (51–70) | 163 (155–164) | 145 (126–222) |
| >250 g/day | 38 (35.8%) | 249 (238–259) | 57 (52–68) | 164 (149–166) | 149 (137–217) |
| p-value † |
p = 0.01 <100 vs. >250 g/day p = 0.02 (p = 0.008) <100 vs. 100–250 g/day p = 0.06 (p = 0.02) |
p = 0.04 <100 vs. >250 g/day p = 0.10 (p = 0.03) <100 vs. 100–250 g/day p = 0.06 (p = 0.02) |
NS | NS | |
| Legumes | |||||
| <70 g/week | 50 (47.2%) | 245 (233–255) | 55 (49–67) | 162 (149–164) | 157 (134–229) |
| 70–140 g/week | 46 (43.4%) | 246 (236–259) | 56 (50–68) | 164 (150–165) | 149 (148–163) |
| >140 g/week | 10 (9.4%) | 239 (237–254) | 56 (49–61) | 157 (128–227) | 216 (153–231) |
| p-value † | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Cereals | |||||
| <130 g/day | 40 (37.7%) | 247 (233–259) | 57 (50–68) | 162 (149–165) | 150 (130–230) |
| 130–200 g/day | 20 (18.9%) | 244 (237–256) | 58 (50–64) | 163 (155–165) | 180 (137–230) |
| >200 g/day | 46 (43.4%) | 243 (235–253) | 55 (49–62) | 163 (149–165) | 198 (139–227) |
| p-value † | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Fish | |||||
| <100 g/week | 32 (30.2%) | 240 (232–252) | 55 (45–64) | 161 (149–164) | 212 (125–252) |
| 100–250 g/week | 58 (54.7%) | 248 (236–258) | 59 (50–67) | 164 (149–165) | 150 (133–220) |
| >250 g/week | 16 (15.1%) | 241 (237–254) | 54 (50–63) | 150 (149–165) | 209 (150–231) |
| p-value † | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Meat Products | |||||
| >120 g/day | 21 (19.8%) | 236 (228–249) | 48 (40–56) | 158 (148–165) | 228 (169–270) |
| 80–120 g/day | 31 (29.2%) | 240 (233–249) | 53 (49–61) | 155 (148–164) | 214 (139–230) |
| <80 g/day | 54 (50.9%) | 253 (240–259) | 60 (52–69) | 164 (156–165) | 147 (127–212) |
| p-value † |
p = 0.001 <80 vs. >120 g/day p = 0.001 (p < 0.0001) <80 vs. 80–120 g/day p = 0.06 (p = 0.02) |
p < 0.0001 <80 vs. 80–120 g/day p = 0.06 (p = 0.02) <80 vs. >120 g/day p < 0.0001 (p < 0.0001) |
NS |
p = 0.008 <80 vs. >120 g/day p = 0.009 (p = 0.003) |
|
| Dairy Products | |||||
| >270 g/day | 51 (48.1%) | 249 (240–259) | 58 (52–68) | 164 (150–166) | 145 (127–216) |
| 180–270 g/day | 11 (10.4%) | 237 (231–255) | 53 (42–61) | 161 (152–165) | 219 (149–240) |
| <180 g/day | 44 (41.5%) | 240 (233–253) | 53 (47–66) | 156 (148–164) | 211 (138–258) |
| p-value † |
p = 0.01 <180 vs. >270 g/day p = 0.02 (p = 0.005) |
p = 0.074 <180 vs. >270 g/day p = 0.04 |
p = 0.02 <180 vs. >270 g/day p = 0.02 (p = 0.006) |
p = 0.02 <180 vs. >270 g/day p = 0.04 (p = 0.01) |
|
| Alcohol | |||||
| >2 AU/day | 35 (33.0%) | 239 (233–254) | 54 (47–67) | 157 (149–164) | 213 (147–234) |
| 1–2 AU/day | 34 (32.1%) | 241 (234–252) | 53 (48–60) | 161 (149–164) | 180 (124–236) |
| <1 AU/day | 37 (34.9%) | 253 (242–260) | 59 (54–68) | 164 (150–165) | 146 (134–213) |
| p-value † |
p = 0.009 1–2 vs. <1 AU p = 0.02 (p = 0.006) >2 vs. <1 AU p = 0.04 (p = 0.01) |
p = 0.01 1–2 vs. <1 AU p = 0.05 (p = 0.02) >2 vs. <1 AU p = 0.12 (p = 0.04) |
NS | >2 vs. <1 AU p = 0.01 | |
| Olive Oil | |||||
| Occasional | 3 (2.8%) | 255 (233–259) | 60 (43–63) | 166 (166–166) | 150 (149–234) |
| Frequent | 5 (4.7%) | 247 (245–248) | 59 (51–71) | 163 (155–169) | 135 (106–230) |
| Regular | 98 (92.5%) | 243 (235–256) | 56 (49–67) | 162 (149–165) | 191 (134–228) |
| p-value † | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Abbreviations: AU = Alcoholic Unit; NS = Non-statistically significant. † Independent samples Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significance values have been adjusted by the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. Unadjusted p-values have been also reported.