Table 4.

Bone mass according to quartiles of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the study population.

Variables	Quartiles of Dietary TAC (mg VCE/day)				p-Value a	p-Value b
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Postmenopausal women, n	890	890	890	889
Dietary TAC (mg VCE/day)	90.10 ± 1.32	207.92 ± 1.14	352.61 ± 1.81	726.45 ± 8.54
BMC (g)
Lumbar spine	40.86 ± 0.409	43.50 ± 0.421	44.07 ± 0.411	45.94 ± 0.409	<0.001	0.049
Total femur	25.11 ± 0.166	26.01 ± 0.163	26.61 ± 0.158	27.19 ± 0.166	<0.001	0.030
Femoral neck	2.89 ± 0.019	3.05 ± 0.019	3.11 ± 0.019	3.21 ± 0.019	<0.001	0.016
BMD (g/cm2)
Lumbar spine	0.77 ± 0.005	0.80 ± 0.005	0.81 ± 0.005	0.82 ± 0.005	<0.001	0.017
Total femur	0.74 ± 0.004	0.77 ± 0.004	0.78 ± 0.004	0.80 ± 0.004	<0.001	0.080
Femoral neck	0.59 ± 0.004	0.62 ± 0.004	0.63 ± 0.004	0.65 ± 0.004	<0.001	0.025
Premenopausal women, n	1167	1168	1168	1168
Dietary TAC (mg VCE/day)	105.70 ± 1.16	226.70 ± 1.00	369.13 ± 1.60	762.04 ± 8.00
BMC (g)
Lumbar spine	58.42 ± 0.283	59.10 ± 0.283	59.49 ± 0.282	60.03 ± 0.297	0.001	0.002
Total femur	29.21 ± 0.137	29.44 ± 0.139	29.85 ± 0.142	29.92 ± 0.141	0.006	0.015
Femoral neck	3.72 ± 0.017	3.71 ± 0.016	3.76 ± 0.016	3.76 ± 0.017	0.527	0.850
BMD (g/cm2)
Lumbar spine	0.98 ± 0.003	0.99 ± 0.003	0.99 ± 0.003	0.99 ± 0.004	0.029	0.050
Total femur	0.90 ± 0.003	0.90 ± 0.003	0.91 ± 0.003	0.91 ± 0.003	0.093	0.231
Femoral neck	0.76 ± 0.003	0.76 ± 0.003	0.77 ± 0.003	0.77 ± 0.003	0.849	0.856

All values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean or the number of participants, as appropriate. ^a Unadjusted p-value for the differences in BMC and BMD according to quartiles of dietary TAC; ^b p-value for the differences in BMC and BMD according to quartiles of dietary TAC after adjustment for confounding factors. The covariates were age, waist circumference, energy intake, sodium intake, smoking status, and regular exercise for postmenopausal women, and waist circumference and 25(OH)D levels for premenopausal women. BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density.