Table 1.
Antioxidant properties of the analyzed honeys. Abbreviations: TP, total polyphenol content; FBBB, Fast Blue BB reagent; TF, total flavonoid content.
| Samples | DPPH mg Tx kg−1 |
ABTS mM Tx |
TP mg GAE kg−1 |
FBBB mg GAE kg−1 |
TF mg CAE kg−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia | 94 ± 1 i | 1.40 ± 0.23 e | 763 ± 23 h | 503 ± 11 i | 408 ± 12 f |
| Artificial | 0 ± 0 j | 0.20 ± 0.10 g | 977 ± 80 g | 815 ± 8 f | 0 ± 0 g |
| Buckwheat 1 | 376 ± 5 d | 1.78 ± 0.10 c | 2468 ± 113 b | 1276 ± 9 d | 1047 ± 23 c |
| Buckwheat 2 | 511 ± 9 b | 1.83 ± 0.20 c | 3508 ± 178 a | 1824 ± 16 a | 1723 ± 98 a |
| Goldenrod | 449 ± 9 c | 2.02 ± 0.08 b | 2500 ± 127 b | 1466 ± 38 c | 1416 ± 105 b |
| Heather 1 | 211 ± 3 f | 1.56 ± 0.19 d | 1526 ± 132 e | 1279 ± 27 d | 794 ± 62 d |
| Heather 2 | 271 ± 3 e | 1.64 ± 0.15 c,d | 2419 ± 173 b | 1299 ± 10 d | 1517 ± 87 b |
| Honeydew 1 | 542 ± 7 b | 2.08 ± 0.13 b | 2434 ± 62 b | 1542 ± 11 b, c | 1772± 202 a |
| Honeydew 2 | 613 ±20 a | 2.41 ± 0.43 a | 2648 ± 88 b | 1873 ±23 a | 1874 ± 148 a |
| Honeydew 3 | 265 ± 5 e | 1.43 ± 0.12 e | 1614 ± 124 e | 1014 ± 16 e | 604 ± 29 e |
| Linden | 130 ± 3 h | 1.09 ± 0.09 f | 913 ± 54 g | 694 ± 8 g | 420 ± 24 f |
| Malaysian | 410 ± 10 c,d | 2.11 ± 0.38 a b | 2186 ± 199 c | 1824 ± 26 a | 1761 ± 115 a |
| Manuka 250 | 396 ± 6 d | 2.33 ± 0.32 a | 2493 ± 95 b | 1854 ± 7 a | 1498 ± 41 b |
| Manuka 400 | 450 ± 15 c | 2.35 ± 0.67 a | 2418 ± 156 b | 1623 ± 37 b | 1268 ± 65 b,c |
| Multifloral 1 | 123 ± 2 h | 1.40 ± 0.14 e | 943 ± 60 g | 600 ± 16 h | 408 ± 15 f |
| Multifloral 2 | 155 ± 3 g | 1.59 ± 0.21 d | 1173 ± 132 f | 745 ± 18 g | 438 ± 30 f |
| Multifloral 3 | 364 ± 12 d | 2.00 ± 0.37 b | 1848 ± 69 d | 1299 ± 41 d | 1373 ± 11 b |
| Phacelia | 238 ± 5 e,f | 1.57 ± 0.02 d | 1872 ± 94 d | 918 ± 27 e | 715 ± 53 d |
| Rapeseed | 139 ± 3 g,h | 1.41 ± 0.07 e | 1016 ± 162 f,g | 820 ± 4 f | 494 ± 31 e |
| Raspberry | 162 ± 3 g | 1.67 ± 0.11 c, d | 1091 ± 59 f | 699 ± 24 g | 568 ± 62 e |
| Sunflower | 123 ± 2 h | 0.97 ± 0.06 f | 824 ± 27 h | 492 ± 12 i | 402 ± 23 f |
Data are a mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA using the Tukey’s post hoc test: different letters in the same column indicate statistical significance (at least p ≤ 0.05).