Table 4.
Summary of PSERENADE surveillance sites by region 1,2.
| North America N = 9 |
Latin America and the Caribbean N = 19 |
Europe N = 26 |
Sub-Saharan Africa N = 11 |
N. Africa and W. Asia N = 2 |
Asia N = 5 |
Oceania N = 3 |
Total N = 75 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Availability of data, N (%) | ||||||||
| 0–17 years | 9 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 26 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 75 (100%) |
| ≥18 years | 7 (77.8%) | 19 (100%) | 26 (100%) | 6 (54.5%) | 2 (100%) | 3 (60.0%) | 3 (100%) | 66 (88.0%) |
| Pre-PCV period | 7 (77.8%) | 19 (100%) | 17 (65.4%) | 6 (54.5%) | 2 (100%) | 4 (80.0%) | 3 (100%) | 58 (77.3%) |
| PCV7 period 3 | 8 (88.9%) | 8 (100%) | 16 (84.2%) | 2 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 3 (75.0%) | 2 (100%) | 40 (88.9%) |
| PCV10/13 period | 9 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 26 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 75 (100%) |
| Incidence data 4 | 9 (100%) | 3 (15.8%) | 23 (88.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | 2 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 51 (68.0%) |
| Clinical syndrome data | 8 (88.9%) | 11 (57.9%) | 20 (76.9%) | 10 (90.9%) | 1 (50.0%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 58 (77.3%) |
| Specimens collected, N (%) 5 | ||||||||
| Blood | 9 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 74 (100%) |
| CSF | 9 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 9 (81.8%) | 2 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 72 (97.3%) |
| Pleural fluid | 7 (77.8%) | 18 (94.7%) | 17 (68.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 51 (68.9%) |
| Additional detection methods, N (%) | ||||||||
| Nucleic acid | 2 (22.2%) | 16 (84.2%) | 23 (88.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 54 (72.0%) |
| Antigen detection | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 14 (53.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 32 (42.7%) |
| Serotyping methods, N (%) 5 | ||||||||
| Quellung | 9 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 23 (92.0%) | 4 (36.4%) | 2 (100%) | 3 (60.0%) | 3 (100%) | 63 (85.1%) |
| Non-Quellung | 2 (22.2%) | 12 (63.2%) | 22 (88.0%) | 11 (100%) | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 54 (73.0%) |
| Latex agglutination | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | 15 (60.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 22 (29.7%) |
| Any PCR method 6 | 2 (22.2%) | 12 (63.2%) | 14 (56.0%) | 11 (100%) | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 46 (62.2%) |
| PCR35/37/38 7,8 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (52.6%) | 2 (8.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (20.3%) |
| PCR70/76 7,8 | 2 (22.2%) | 5 (26.3%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 1 (33.3%) | 20 (27.0%) |
| Other method 9 | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (9.5%) |
1 Subpopulations (e.g., indigenous and non-indigenous) from the same surveillance system were presented as one site. Countries with more than one surveillance site are represented more than once. Data for individual surveillance sites are in Supplementary Table S3. 2 United Nations (UN) regions adapted from UN Statistics Division [25]. N. Africa and W. Asia: Northern Africa and Western Asia. 3 Sites that did not use PCV7 were excluded from calculations of PCV7 period data availability (not applicable). Total calculations are out of the 45 sites that used PCV7. 4 Incidence data from Brazil and Greece are for pneumococcal meningitis only. 5 One site (Lithuania) with unknown specimen type and serotyping data was excluded from calculations. Total calculations are out of 74 sites. 6 Comprised of sites that use PCR at any capacity—including those with unknown or custom PCR schemes that do not fall into PCR35/37/38 or PCR70/76 categories. 7 The number following “PCR” indicates the number of serotypes able to be identified by PCR. Similar serotyping capacities were grouped together. 8 Argentina, Mexico, and Paraguay use both PCR37 and PCR70 and are counted in both of those categories. 9 Includes sites that reported other serotyping methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS), Next generation sequencing (NGS), Capsular sequence typing (CST), or Gel diffusion (GD).