Table 7.
Comparison of the transport properties of the SA-based and commercial PERVAPTM 1201 membranes in the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol.
| Membranes | Membrane Type | Water Content in Feed, wt.% | Temperature, °C |
Permeation Flux, kg/(m2 h) |
Separation Factor, (β) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA-5HF/PANCaCl2-5LblPSS/SA | supported | 12 | 22 | 0.681 | 73,326 | This study |
| SA-chitosan wrapped MWCNT (2%) | dense | 10 | 30 | 0.218 | 6419 | [71] |
| SA-phosphomolybdic acid (10%) | dense | 10 | 30 | 0.282 | 9028 | [72] |
| SA-phosphotungstic acid modified by ammonium carbonate (10%) | dense | 10 | 30 | 0.316 | 8991 | [73] |
| SA-gelatin (10%) | dense | 10 | 30 | 0.085 | 4277 | [74] |
| SA-fullerenol (5%) CaCl2 | dense | 12 | 22 | 0.240 | 73,326 | [47] |
| SA-fullerenol (5%)/PANCaCl2 | supported | 12 | 22 | 0.641 | 73,326 | |
| PERVAPTM 1201 | supported | 12 | 22 | 0.028 | 73,326 | |
| HEC */SA-fullerenol (5%)/PANCaCl2 | supported | 12 | 22 | 0.420 | 73,326 | [70] |
| SA-5HF/PANCaCl2-5LblPSS/SA | supported | 30 | 22 | 1.090 | 23,331 | This study |
| SA-poly(acrylamide) grafted guar gum (75/25) | dense | 30 | 30 | 0.164 | 153 | [75] |
| SA-polystyrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid | dense | 30 | 30 | ~0.223 | ~1800 | [76] |
| SA-aluminum with mesoporous silica (20%) | dense | 30 | 30 | 0.256 | ∞ | [77] |
| SA-heteropolyacids (10%) | dense | 30 | 30 | ~0.263 | ~1260 | [78] |
| SA-karayagum (15%) | dense | 30 | 30 | 0.486 | 1613 | [79] |
| SA-fullerenol (5%) CaCl2 | dense | 30 | 22 | 0.504 | 11,763 | [47] |
| SA-fullerenol (5%)/PANCaCl2 | supported | 30 | 22 | 1.202 | 2331 | |
| HEC */SA-fullerenol (5%)/PANCaCl2 | supported | 30 | 22 | 1.212 | 50 | [70] |
| SA-NGQD * (100 ppm)/PES * CaCl2 | supported | 30 | 25 | 1.822 | 788 | [80] |
| SA-OGQD * (100 ppm)/PES * CaCl2 | supported | 30 | 25 | 1.663 | 2331 | |
| SA-reduced graphene oxide (3%)/PES * CaCl2 | supported | 30 | 25 | ~1.750 | ~23,000 | [81] |
| SA-graphene quantum dots+reduced graphene oxide (3%)/PES * CaCl2 | supported | 30 | 25 | ~1.400 | ~23,000 |
* HEC: hydroxyethyl cellulose; PES: polyethersulfone substrate; NGQD: nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots; OGQD: oxygen-passivated graphene quantum dots.