Figure 4.

Effect of AYC-CS-E treatment on photoaging-related factor expression of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. (a–e) HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations (2, 4, 8, or 16 μL/mL) of AYC-CS-E (30 mg/mL) for 24 h after being exposed to 8 mJ/cm² UVB irradiation. Cells were collected, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as described in the Materials and Methods section. The mRNA expression of the photoaging-related factors (Filaggrin (a), HAS-2 (b), KRT-1 (c), MMP-3 (d), and MMP-9 (e)) were analyzed by a real-time PCR machine. HAS-2: hyaluronic acid synthase 2; KRT-1: keratin 1. Relative mRNA expression levels were normalized to β-actin. All bar graphs show the means ± standard deviation (SD) of 3 samples. One representative plot out of three independent experiments is shown. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, or *** p < 0.001.