Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to sex.
| Total (n = 3728) | Male (n = 1756) | Female (n = 1972) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 14.56 (0.06) | 14.53 (0.07) | 14.60 (0.09) | 0.476 |
| Height (cm) | 161.79 (0.23) | 165.53 (0.33) | 157.52 (0.22) | <0.001 |
| Height SDS | 0.21 (0.02) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.063 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.96 (0.29) | 58.80 (0.42) | 50.56 (033) | <0.001 |
| Weight SDS | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.056 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.73 (0.07) | 21.17 (0.10) | 20.23 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| BMI SDS | −0.09 (0.03) | −0.06 (0.04) | −0.13 (0.04) | 0.225 |
| WC (cm) | 70.11 (0.21) | 72.42 (0.29) | 67.48 (0.27) | <0.001 |
| WC > 90p | 16.45% (0.75) | 14.75% (0.98) | 18.40% (1.18) | 0.020 |
| WHtR | 0.43 (0.01) | 0.44 (0.02) | 0.43 (0.02) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 88.82 (0.19) | 89.32 (0.25) | 88.24 (0.20) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 13.62 (0.18) | 13.53 (0.25) | 13.71 (0.23) | 0.574 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.04 (0.05) | 3.05 (0.08) | 3.03 (0.06) | 0.834 |
| IR * | 12.03% (0.68) | 13.19% (0.90) | 10.69% (0.93) | 0.044 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 158.25 (0.58) | 154.59 (0.81) | 162.44 (0.74) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 91.23 (0.50) | 88.96 (0.69) | 93.82 (0.65) | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 108.65 (0.56) | 106.35 (0.78) | 111.28 (0.73) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 88.55 (1.16) | 88.60 (1.62) | 88.50 (1.50) | 0.962 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.61 (0.20) | 48.25 (0.25) | 51.16 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| AIP | 0.46 (0.01) | 0.48 (0.02) | 0.441 (0.02) | 0.083 |
| TyG index | 8.14 (0.01) | 8.14 (0.02) | 8.14 (0.01) | 0.650 |
| TyG-BMI | 169.17 (0.69) | 172.89 (0.99) | 164.91 (0.95) | <0.001 |
| TyG-BMI SDS | −0.58 (0.22) | −0.277 (0.30) | −0.931 (0.32) | 0.140 |
| TyG-WC | 571.93 (2.05) | 591.16 (2.93) | 549.94 (2.47) | <0.001 |
| TyG-WHtR | 3.54 (0.01) | 3.57 (0.02) | 3.49 (0.02) | 0.003 |
Values are presented as mean (standard error), and categorical data as percentages (standard error). * IR was defined as the HOMA-IR of >95th percentile for each sex and age. SDS, standard deviation score; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IR, insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; AIP, atherogenic index of plasma; TyG, triglyceride glucose index.