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. 2021 Mar 29;8(4):43. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8040043

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Schematic actions of MMAF delivery systems with active targeting ability and ROS-responsiveness. The nanoparticles are efficiently internalized into the tumor cells. Intracellular ROS facilitates the disruption of the nanoparticles, which release MMAF to exert the anticancer effects by inhibiting tubulin polymerization.