Table 1.

Computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) kinetics (LSmeans ± SEM) of liquid ram semen (n = 21) preserved at 15 °C for 6 h and 24 h post treatment with Fe₃O₄ and Ag_/Fe nanoparticles (NPs).

Variable	6 h			24 h			p Value
	Group C	Group Fe	Group Ag	Group C	Group Fe	Group Ag	Group	Time	G*T
Non progr. (%)	27.38 ± 1.57	30.20 ± 1.57	32.39 ± 1.75	24.75 ± 1.38	30.02 ± 1.41	30.65 ± 1.58	0.0017	0.23	0.70
Medium (%)	9.04 ± 0.80	9.87 ± 0.80	10.50 ± 0.89	8.47 ± 0.70	10.03 ± 0.71	9.24 ± 0.80	0.22	0.39	0.67
VSL (μm/s)	59.84 ± 2.69	57.79 ± 2.69	57.62 ± 2.99	66.61 ± 3.06	61.07 ± 3.14	62.67 ± 3.51	0.39	0.50	0.83
VAP (μm/s)	77.76 ± 3.08	70.33 ± 3.08	69.45 ± 3.43	81.06 ± 3.29	70.74 ± 3.37	71.77 ± 3.77	0.0092	0.46	0.90
LIN (%)	55.56 ± 1.45 #	59.37 ± 1.45	60.57 ± 1.61	62.75 ± 1.39 *	63.43 ± 1.42	63.82 ± 1.59	0.10	0.0001	0.37
STR (%)	69.44 ± 1.01 #	72.73 ± 1.01	73.57 ± 1.12	73.93 ± 0.94 *	75.73 ± 0.96	75.26 ± 1.08	0.01	0.0004	0.40
WOB (%)	76.14 ± 1.09 #	77.22 ± 1.09	77.85 ± 1.21	80.79 ± 0.95 *	79.13 ± 0.98	79.79 ± 1.09	0.84	0.0017	0.32
BCF (Hz)	6.77 ± 0.13	6.71 ± 0.13	6.33 ± 0.14	6.67 ± 0.12	6.51 ± 0.12	6.16 ± 0.14	0	0.15	0.93

Group C: No treated extended ram semen samples, Group Fe: Extended ram semen samples treated with Fe₃O₄ NPs (3.072 mg Fe₃O₄ per mL of semen); group Ag: Extended ram semen samples treated with Ag/Fe NPs (2.048 mg Ag/Fe per mL of semen). Experimental time points: 6 and 24 h: Experimental storage period post removal of NPs. Non progr.: Non-progressive movement spermatozoa (%); medium: Medium movement spermatozoa (<25 < medium < 45 μm/s; %); VSL: Straight line velocity (μm/s); VAP: Average path velocity (μm/s); LIN: Linearity (VSL/VCL × 100); STR: Straightness (VSL/VAP × 100); WOB: Wobble (%); BCF: Beat/cross-frequency (Hz). Significant differences between evaluation times within each experimental group are depicted by different symbols (#, *). G*T: Group*Time interaction.