Table 1.

Summary of non-comparative studies evaluating D-mannose administration.

Author, Year	Study Design	Study Population	Inclusion Criteria	Treatment	Main Results
Efros et al., 2010	Prospective	23 Women 18–75 years	Recurrent UTIs	-Proantinox °	9% UTI Improvement in QoL
Vicariotto, 2014	Prospective	35 Women Premenopausal	Acute symptomatic UTI	D-mannose 250 mg Tara Gum 250 mg Proanthocyanidin cranberry extract + Probiotics *	Reduction in Nitrites and Leucocytes
Domenici, 2016	Prospective	43 Women	Acute symptomatic UTI	D-mannose (1.5 g), sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, and silicon dioxide.	Reduced number of UTIs.
Phe, 2017	Prospective	22 Men and women with multiple sclerosis	Recurrent UTIs	D-mannose powder (1.5 g)	Decrease in the number of UTIs.
Marchiori, 2017	Retrospective	60 breast cancer women	Breast cancer survivors	Antibiotics + Mannose vs. Antibiotics	Greater efficacy of combination treatment in preventing UTIs
Genovese, 2018	Randomized	72 Women	Recurrent UTIs	A: D-mannose Berberine, Arbutin and Birch B: D-mannose, Berberine, Arbutin, Birch, Forskolin C: D-mannose, Proanthocyanidis	A and B > C in terms of number of UTI
Del Popolo, 2018	Prospective	78 Patients Neurogenic bladder	Recurrent UTIs	D-mannose (1 g) + dry willow extract (200 mg)	D-mannose improved VAS scores and frequency of incontinence episodes.

° Proantinox: cranberry concentrate [4:1], ascorbic acid, D-mannose, fructo-oligosaccharides, and bromelain) per 30 mL (UTI-STAT with Proantinox, Medical Nutrition USA, Englewood, NJ); * Probiotics: 2.5 billion live cells of Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 (LMG P-21021); 1 billion viable cells each of Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 (DSM 24243), and Streptococcus thermophilus ST10 (DSM 25246); UTIs: urinary tract infections, QoL: quality of life.