Table 3.
Predicted daily intakes of food groups by socioeconomic characteristics based on NCI Dietary Screener Questionnaire in mobile food pantry users in Windham County, CT (n = 83).
| Whole Grain (oz) |
Added Sugars (tsp) |
Dairy (Cup) |
Fruits and Vegetables Including Legumes and French Fries (Cup) |
Vegetables Including Legumes and Including French Fries (Cup) |
Fruits and Vegetables Including Legumes and Excluding French Fries (Cup) |
Vegetables Including Legumes and Excluding French Fries (Cup) |
Fruits (Cup) |
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (tsp Sugar) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male (n = 16) | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 19.6 ± 6.2 * | 2.1 ± 0.6 * | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 0.7 * | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 9.8 ± 4.9 * |
| Female (n = 67) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 15.5 ± 8.4 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 7.1 ± 7.1 |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 19–30 (n = 8) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 21.3 ± 15.3 * | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 1.0* | 11.6 ± 11.6 * |
| 31–44 (n = 13) | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 21.1 ± 10.7 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 11.4 ± 10.3 |
| 45–64 (n = 41) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 14.9 ± 5.5 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 1,7 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 4.6 |
| ≥65 (n = 21) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 14.0 ± 5.0 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 3.6 |
| Race | |||||||||
| Hispanic or Latinx (n = 53) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 15.3 ± 7.3 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 5.4 |
| Non-Hispanic White (n = 24) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 18.2 ± 9.3 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 10.1 ± 9.2 |
| Other 1 (n = 6) | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 17.3 ± 10.5 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 3.8 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than high school (n = 32) | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 14.6 ± 5.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 2.4 |
| Completed high school (n = 29) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 18.4 ± 10.5 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 9.5 |
| Some college or more (n = 22) | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 15.9 ± 7.5 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 6.0 |
| Employment | |||||||||
| Employed (n = 18) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 17.1 ± 9.5 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 7.6 |
| Unemployed (n = 28) |
0.8 ± 0.5 | 17.0 ± 8.8 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 7.8 ± 6.1 |
| Not seeking employment 2 (n = 37) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 15.4 ± 7.0 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 7.0 |
| Annual Household Income | |||||||||
| Less than USD 5000 (n = 11) |
1.0 ± 0.6 | 19.4 ± 12.5 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 10.1 ± 11.3 |
| USD 5001–10,000 (n = 24) |
0.7 ± 0.4 | 16.0 ± 8.1 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 7.0 |
| USD 10,001–15,000 (n = 19) |
0.7 ± 0.3 | 17.2 ± 8.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 6.2 |
| USD 15,001–30,000 (n = 20) |
0.7 ± 0.3 | 13.5 ± 3.0 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 2.5 |
| More than USD 30,000 (n = 8) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 17.8 ± 8.8 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 7.3 |
| Poverty Status 3 | |||||||||
| Above poverty (n = 29) |
0.7 ± 0.4 | 14.8 ± 5.6 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 4.5 |
| Poverty (n = 32) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 16.8 ± 7.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 6.2 |
| Extreme poverty (n = 21) |
0.8 ± 0.5 | 17.7 ± 11.4 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 9.8 |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married or living with partner (n = 21) |
0.7 ± 0.4 | 13.6 ± 3.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.8 * | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 * | 5.6 ± 2.7 |
| Widowed, divorced or separated (n = 21) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 15.1 ± 5.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 5.3 |
| Single or never married (n = 41) | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 18.3 ± 10.2 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 8.5 |
| Last Food Pantry Visit | |||||||||
| Less than 7 days ago (n = 17) | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 16.1 ± 8.2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 7.3 |
| Less than 2-4 weeks ago (n = 28) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 15.7 ± 6.9 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 7.2 |
| More than 1 month ago (n = 34) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 16.7 ± 9.6 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 6.6 |
| Assistance Program Participation 4 | |||||||||
| 0 (n = 12) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 14.1 ± 4.0 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 * | 5.9 ± 2.6 * |
| 1 (n = 30) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 15.9 ± 7.6 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 7.6 ± 5.3 |
| 2 (n = 31) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 4.8 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2..7 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 3.5 |
| 3 or More (n = 10) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 24.1 ± 15.4 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 15.0 ± 14.1 |
| Food Security | |||||||||
| Food security (n = 25) |
0.7 ± 0.3 | 17.2 ± 8.9 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 8.7 ± 7.1 |
| Low food security (n = 28) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 7.2 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 5.3 |
| Very low food security (n = 30) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 17.5 ± 8.3 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 7.7 |
All values were presented as mean ± SD. One participant missing for intake of whole grains, dairy, and added sugars. Three participants missing for intakes of fruits and vegetable including and excluding fries. * Indicates statistical significance using a linear model (p < 0.05). 1 Non-Hispanic Black or African American, Asian or Asian American, or Multi-Racial. 2 Retired, full-time home-maker, or on disability. 3 Household income above the threshold or below the threshold [23] 4 Participation in SNAP, WIC, Social Security Disability Insurance, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, Supplemental Security Income, Free or Reduced-Price School Lunch, or After School Summer Meal Programs. Based on 3-day food records of 40 participants, HEI-2015 scores were calculated and compared with the US national averages [33] (Table 4). The mean total HEI-2015 score of participants was 53.8 ± 10.5. HEI-2015 scores for whole fruits, greens and beans and seafood and plant proteins were lower than both the US adult (18–64 years) and older adult (≥65 years) population means.