Figure 6.

Inhibition of IFN signaling by RVA NSP1. HEK-293 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing a firefly luciferase gene under the control of the Mx1 promoter, a plasmid directing constitutive expression of renilla luciferase as an internal control, and either the empty vector pcDNA3.1, or pcDNA3.1 encoding the NSP1 protein from the indicated RVA strains, or the V protein from RPV as a positive control. Where indicated, cells were treated with 500 IU/mL IFN-α 24 h after transfection. After a further 16h, cells were lysed and levels of firefly and renilla luciferase were measured. The normalised activity of the reporter gene in the sample transfected with the empty vector and treated with IFN-α was set to 100%. Differences between induced samples containing NSP1 and the induced control sample containing the empty vector were assessed using the Student’s t-test (*** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).