Table 2.
Pharmacological families of conotoxins. The UniProt version 2021_1 (https://uniprot.org) accession number of the representative conotoxins is indicated in the parenthesis. Adapted from Kaas et al. [62].
| Pharmacological Family | Definition | Conotoxin Representative |
|---|---|---|
| α (alpha) | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | Alpha-conotoxin GIA (P01519) |
| γ (gamma) | Neuronal pacemaker cation currents (inward cation current) | Gamma-conotoxin PnVIIA (P56711) |
| δ (delta) | Voltage-gated Na channels (agonist, delay inactivation) | Delta-conotoxin TxVIA (Q9U655) |
| ε (epsilon) | Presynaptic Ca channels or G protein-coupled presynaptic receptors | Epsilon-conotoxin TxVA (P81755) |
| ι (iota) | Voltage-gated Na channels (agonist, no delayed inactivation) | Iota-conotoxin RXIA (Q7Z094) |
| κ (kappa) | Voltage-gated K channels (blocker) | Kappa-conotoxin PVIIA (P56633) |
| µ (mu) | Voltage-gated Na channels (antagonist, blocker) | Mu-conotoxin GIIIA (P01523) |
| ρ (rho) | Alpha1-adrenoceptors (GPCR) | Rho-conotoxin TIA (P58811) |
| ς (sigma) | Serotonin-gated ion channels 5-HT3 | Sigma-conotoxin GVIIIA (P58924) |
| τ (tau) | Somatostatin receptor | Tau-conotoxin CnVA (P0DJL6) |
| χ (chi) | Neuronal noradrenaline transporter | Chi-conotoxin MrIA (P58808) |
| ω (omega) | Voltage-gated Ca channels (blocker) | Omega-conotoxin GVIA (P01522) |