| EV | extracellular vesicle |
| PHA | phytohemagglutinin |
| cART | combination antiretroviral therapy |
| TAR | transactivation response |
| ESCRT | endosomal sorting complex required for transport |
| HAND | HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder |
| RT-qPCR | real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| HAM/TSP | HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis |
| NTA | nanoparticle tracking analysis |
| PBMC | peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
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