Table 1.

List of studies on the functional role of different miRNA/miRNA families in the regulation of abiotic and biotic tresses in major crop species (List updated January 2011–December 2020).

Crop	MicroRNAs	Stress Responses	Reference
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[86]
	miR3512, miR3630, miR5213, miR5294, miR5368 and miR6173	Drought stress	[87]
	miR156	Heat stress	[88]
Apple (Malus sylvestris)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[89]
Barley (Hordeum L.)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[90]
	Hv-miR827	Drought stress	[91]
	Ath-miR169b, Osa-miR1432, Hv-miRx5, Hv-miR166b/c	Drought stress	[92]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[93]
	multiple miRNAs	Salt stress	[94]
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[95]
	miR399	Phosphorus deficiency	[96]
Brassica (Brassica juncea)	multiple miRNAs	Abiotic stresses	[97]
Brassica (Brassica napus)	miR1885	Immune response	[98]
	miR397a, miR397b and miR6034	Various stresses	[99]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought and salt stress	[100]
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)	multiple miRNAs	Heat stress	[101]
Cabbage (Brassica L.)	multiple miRNAs	Heat and drought stress	[102]
	multiple miRNAs	Turnip Mosaic Virus infection	[103]
Cassava (Manihot esculenta)	miR160, miR393	Anthracnose disease	[104]
Celery (Apium graveolens)	multiple miRNAs	Heat and cold stress	[105]
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)	multiple miRNAs	Ascochyta blight disease	[106]
	multiple miRNAs including miR5213, miR5232, miR2111 and miR2118	Wilt and salt stress	[107]
Cotton (Gossypium L.)	miR414	Salinity stress	[108]
	ghr-miR399 and ghr-156e	Salt stress	[94]
	miR319	Abiotic stress signaling	[109]
	ghr-miR5272a	Immune response	[110]
	multiple miRNAs	Salt stress	[111]
	multiple miRNAs	High temperature	[112]
	multiple miRNAs	Low and high temperature stress	[113]
	miR156a/d/e, miR167a, miR169, miR397a/b, miR399a, miR535a/b, miR827b,	Salt stress	[114]
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[115]
Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)	multiple miRNAs	Salinity stress	[116]
Flax ( Linum usitatissimum)	miR319, miR390, and miR393	Aluminum stress	[117]
Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[118]
	multiple miRNAs	Dehydration stress	[119]
Java waterdropwort (Oenanthe javanica)	multiple miRNAs	Various abiotic stress	[120]
Maize (Zea mays)	multiple miRNAs	Chilling stress	[121]
	multiple miRNAs	Heat stress	[122]
	multiple miRNAs	Nitrogen stress	[123]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[82]
	multiple miRNAs	Cadmium stress	[124]
	multiple miRNAs	Phosphate deficiency	[125]
	multiple miRNAs	Water logging	[126]
	multiple miRNAs	Nitrogen deficiency	[127]
	multiple miRNAs	Short term water logging	[128]
	miR160, miR164, miR167, miR168, miR169, miR172, miR169, miR395, miR397, miR398, miR399, miR408, miR528, miR827	Low nitrate availability	[129]
Peach (Prunus persica)	multiple miRNAs	UVB radiations response	[130]
Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)	multiple miRNAs	Apple stem grooving virus infection and high temperature	[131]
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	multiple miRNAs	Nitrogen stress	[132]
	Stu-mi164	Osmotic stress	[133]
	miR172, miR396a, miR396c, miR4233, miR2673, miR6461	Drought stress	[134]
Radish (Raphanus sativus)	ath-miR159b-3p, athmiR159c, ath-miR398a-3p, athmiR398b-3p, ath-miR165a-5p, ath-miR169g-3p, novel_86, novel_107, novel_21, ath-miR171b-3p	Heat stress	[135]
	multiple miRNAs	Cadmium stress	[136]
	multiple miRNAs	Chromium stress	[137]
	multiple miRNAs	Salt stress	[138]
	multiple miRNAs	Cadmium stress	[139]
Rice (Oryza sativa)	miR408, miR528	Cadmium stress	[140]
	multiple miRNAs	Arsenic stress	[141]
	multiple miRNAs	High temperature and salt stress	[142]
	multiple miRNAs	Cold stress	[143]
	miR169, osa-miR444a.4-3p	Nitrogen starvation	[144]
	miR529a	Oxidative stress	[145]
	miR393, miR390	Multiple stress	[146]
	Osa-miR820	Salt stress	[147]
	multiple miRNAs	Phosphate Starvation	[148]
	miR399, miR530	Nitrogen starvation	[149]
	miR156, miR164, miR167, miR168, miR528, miR820, miR821, miR1318	Low-nitrogen stress	[150]
	multiple miRNAs	Abiotic stress	[151]
	osa-miR414, osa-miR164e, osa-miR408	Salt stress	[152]
Soybean (Glycine max)	multiple miRNAs	Water deficit	[153]
Sugarcane (Saccharum L.)	multiple miRNAs	Water-deficit stress	[154]
	multiple miRNAs	Low temperature stress	[155]
	multiple miRNAs	Waterlogging condition	[156]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[157]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[158]
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)	multiple miRNAs	Drought and CO2 stress	[159]
	multiple miRNAs	Salt stress	[160]
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)	multiple miRNAs	Drought and heat stress	[161]
	multiple miRNAs	Salt stress	[162]
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)	multiple miRNAs	Salt and alkali stress	[163]
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	multiple miRNAs	Drought and heat stress	[164]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[165]
Turnip (Brassica rapa)	miR166h-3p-1, miR398b-3p, miR398b-3p-1, miR408d, miR156a-5p, miR396h, miR845a-1, miR166u, Bra-novel-miR3153-5p and Bra-novel-miR3172-5p	Cold stress	[166]
Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	multiple miRNAs	Reactive oxygen species (ROS) response	[167]
	multiple miRNAs	Water deficit and heat stress	[168]
	TaemiR408	Phosphate deprivation and salt stress	[169]
	TamiR1139	Phosphate starvation	[170]
	multiple miRNAs	Cold stress	[171]
	multiple miRNAs	Drought stress	[172]
	miR159, miR160, miR166, miR169, miR172, miR395, miR396, miR408, miR472, miR477, miR482, miR1858, miR2118, miR5049	Drought stress	[173]
	multiple miRNAs including miR159, miR393, miR398	Cold, wound, and salt stress	[174]
	Tae-miR408	Salinity, cupric metal, and stripe rust stress	[175]