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. 2021 Mar 28;13(4):1111. doi: 10.3390/nu13041111

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Animal feeding systems affect the profile of milk PUFAs (rumenic acid, RA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). Studies related to the effects of milk administration on metabolic and brain health yielded controversial results. Administration of pure PUFAs increases DHA brain content, stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in several brain areas, and activates the nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the brain. These factors participate in redox homeostasis and modulate inflammatory state, contributing to neuroplasticity and neuroprotection.