Table 3.

Comparison of scapula upward rotation at different humeral abduction angles (N = 42).

Humeral Abduction		MSG (n = 14)	MBG (n = 14)	MCG (n = 14)	p	E(η2)
0°	Pre	−6.29 ± 3.66	−3.43 ± 5.34	−2.57 ± 3.56
	Post	−5.64 ± 3.47	−0.14 ± 4.72	1.43 ± 3.79
	DIFF	−0.64 ± 1.15 †	3.28 ± 4.53 †††	4.00 ± 1.30	0.013	0.201
	p	0.057	0.018 *	0.000 ***
45°	Pre	5.87 ± 3.37	5.21 ± 6.78	4.93 ± 3.14
	Post	6.50 ± 2.87	5.14 ± 5.48	6.75 ± 3.77
	DIFF	0.63 ± 1.72	0.07 ± 6.15 †	3.42 ± 1.01	0.043	0.149
	p	0.196	0.966	0.000 ***
90°	Pre	14.57 ± 3.75	17.29 ± 8.10	18.09 ± 5.11
	Post	15.21 ± 3.64	19.07 ± 6.83	19.07 ± 5.63
	DIFF	−0.64 ± 2.46	−1.78 ± 9.79	0.97 ± 4.54	0.718	0.017
	p	0.370	0.199	0.435
135°	Pre	34.89 ± 7.82	33.35 ± 13.58	32.70 ± 8.99
	Post	31.74 ± 9.24	34.78 ± 11.76	34.57 ± 6.61
	DIFF	3.17 ± 13.58	1.42 ± 12.58	1.87 ± 8.14	0.473	0.038
	p	0.397	0.678	0.405
180°	Pre	43.63 ± 8.38	43.28 ± 15.77	43.40 ± 7.60
	Post	41.64 ± 11.38	46.57 ± 12.85	44.93 ± 5.58
	DIFF	1.99 ± 14.56	3.28 ± 15.51	1.52 ± 7.16	0.553	0.030
	p	0.617	0.442	0.441

Abbreviations: MSG, muscle strength group; MBG, muscle balance group; MCG, movement control group; DIFF, difference; E, effect size; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, significant intragroup differences; ^† p < 0.05, significant difference compared with MCG; ^††† p < 0.001, significant difference compared with MCG.