Table 4.

Spearman’s correlation matrix (R-values) for the pain perception, human–human (H–H) and human–animal (H–A) empathy tools, age and experience with horses, mules and donkeys.

	Experience Horses	PEPS	Age	H–A Empathy	H–H Empathy	Exp. Mules
Pain perception (PEPS)	−0.1751
Age	0.3616 **	0.0431
H–A empathy	0.2058	0.4054 **	0.0782
H–H empathy	0.0561	−0.0294	0.1689	0.4080 **
Experience w/mules	0.4364 **	0.0012	0.7291 **	0.0746	0.1134
Experience w/donkeys	0.3382 **	0.0518	0.3170 **	0.0687	0.1672	0.2860 *

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001.