Figure 3.

PE affects maternal and fetal HDL composition and function. Changes are indicated with purple arrows. In maternal HDL, a decrease in PON1 activity, apoM, and S1P content was observed, whereas apoE and LpPLA₂ were increased. These changes in HDL composition were associated with reduced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity, but increased cholesterol efflux capacity. Fetal HDL of PE pregnancies showed similar changes, with reduced PON1 activity and apoM, but increased LpPLA₂ and apoE, accompanied by increased cholesterol efflux capacity. Oxidative modifications of lipids were detected in both maternal and fetal HDL. HDL, high-density lipoprotein; apo, apolipoprotein; PON1, paraoxonase 1; LpPLA₂, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.