Table 1.

Studies using the DMAB model to study different therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.

Animal Strain and Gender	Carcinogenic Administration Route	Drugs or Compounds Evaluated (Classification)	Dose/Treatment	Therapeutic Effects (Ref)
F344 male rats	s.c. 100 mg/kg b.w.	Copper-zinc (CU), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe)	p.o. (0.8 or 5.1 µg CU/g diet; 0.6 or 17 µg Mn/g diet and 37 or 140 µg Fe/g diet) 3.5 wks before DMAB and for 8 wks	Increased neoplastic lesions by low doses of copper and manganese relative to iron [25]
	s.c. 100 mg/kg b.w. 1/wk for 2 wks	Selenium (nutritionally essential trace element)	p.o. (0, 0.1 or 2.0 mg selenium/kg diet as selenite, selenate or selenomethionine) 4 wks before DAMBP for 12 wks	Dietary administration of selenium in the form of the inorganic salts selenite and selenate reduced colon ACF [26]
	s.c. 100 mg/kg b.w.	Celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor)	Diet supplemented (0, 500, 1000, or 1500 ppm celecoxib) 2 wks before DMABP and for 2 days	Chemopreventive effect for colorectal cancer in a dose-response manner [27]
	Gavage 50 or 5 mg/kg b.w. 1/wk for 4 wks	Acetaminophen	Diet supplemented (1000 ppm) 2 wks before DMAB and for 6 wks	Protective effect on the development of colorectal carcinogenesis [28]

ACF: aberrant crypt foci; b.w.: body weight; p.o.: per os; s.c.: subcutaneous injection; wk: week; wks: weeks.