Table 5.
Colorectal cancer chemopreventive studies using the AOM/DSS model.
| Animal Strain and Gender | Carcinogenic Administration Route | Drugs or Compounds Evaluated (Classification) | Dose/Treatment | Therapeutic Effects (Ref) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CF-1 male mice | s.c. AOM 10 mg/kg body wt + 1 wk later d.w. 1.2% DSS for 7 days | Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) | Diet supplemented (0.02% aspirin) 1 wk before AOM and for 20 wks | Suppressed inflammatory colitis symptoms and tumor multiplicity [96] |
| C57BL/6 male mice | i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg + 1 wk later d.w. 2% DSS for 1 wk | Asther glehni Franchet et Sckmidt (common Korean dietary edible herb) | p.o. (25 mg/kg/day) 1 wk after AOM + DSS and for 1 wk | Inhibited colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis [97] |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + d.w. 2% DSS for 5 days | DA-6034 (7-Carboxymethyloxy-39,49,5-trimethoxyflavone) (synthetic derivative of flavonoid eupatilin) | Gavage (30 mg/kg) from day 7 to the end | Reduced the number of colon tumors [98] | |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + 5 days later d.w. 2.5% DSS followed by 14 days of normal water x 3 cycles | Pristimerin (a naturally triterpenoid) | i.p. (125 ng/kg) every 2 days for 80 days | Reduced the number and size of the tumors [99] | |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg + 1 wk after d.w. 2% DSS for 1 wk | Chitooligosaccharides (oligomers that are depolymerized from chitosan) | i.g. (300 mg/kg) once a day and 6x/wk | Prevented colorectal cancer through regulating the gut microbiota and mycobiota [100] | |
| C57BL/6 female mice | i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg + 1wk later d.w. 2% DSS for 1x/wk for 3 wks | Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) | Diet supplemented (1% CLA) 3 wk before AOM + DSS and for 13 wks | Increased colorectal cancer [101] |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + d.w. DSS 2.5% 1 wk after AOM for two cycle of 7 days | Licorice flavonoids (LFs) (Chinese herbal medicine) | Gavage (0, 50 or 100 mg/kg) once a day for 10 wks | Reduced tumorigenesis [102] | |
| BALB/c female mice | i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg + 1 wk after d.w.DSS 2.5% 2.5% of 3 cycles of 1 wk | Aloe vera gel | p.o. (200 or 400 mg/kg/day) 1 wk before AOM and for 13 wks | Reduced the multiplicity of colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas [103] |
| BALB/c male mice | i.p. AOM 12.5 mg/kg + 1 wk after dDSS 2.5% in d.w. for 3 cycles of 5 days | Triticum aestivum sprouts ethanol extract (TAEE) | Gavage (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 40 days | Inhibited colon inflammation and neoplasm formation [104] |
| CD-1 (ICR) male mice | i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + 1 wk after d.w. DSS 1.5% for 7 days | Zerumbone (tropical ginger sesquiterpene) | Diet supplemented (100, 250, or 500 ppm) for 17 wks | Zerumbone suppresses mouse colon carcinogenesis through mechanisms of growth, apoptosis, inflammation that are involved in carcinogenesis in the colon [105] |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + 1 wk after d.w. DSS 1% for 7 days | Prenyloxycoumarins, auraptene and collinin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) | Diet supplemented (0.01 and 0.05% of all compounds) 1 wk after DSS and for 17 wks | Chemopreventive activity [106] | |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + 1 wk after d.w. DSS 1% for 7 days | Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) and Sulfasalazine (anti-inflammatory agents) | Diet supplemented (0.016, 0.08 or 0.4% UDCA, 0.05% sulfasalazine or 0.5% UDCA + 0.05% sulfasalazine) 1 wk after DSS and for 20 wks | UDCA showed more suppressing effects on colorectal cancer [107] | |
| i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + d.w. DSS 2.5% 1 wk after AOM and for 7 days | Dried açaí berry powder | Diet supplemented (2.5 or 5%) for 14 wks | Reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer [108] | |
| i.p. AOM (10 mg/kg b.w.) + d.w. DSS 1.5% 1 wk after AOM and for 7 days | Fucoxanthin (a xanthophyll present in marine brown algae) | Gavage (6 or 30 mg/kg) | Reduced the number of colorectal polyps [109] | |
| CD-1 (ICR) female mice | i.p. AOM 10 mg/kg b.w. + 1 wk after d.w. DSS 2% for 7 days | Nimesulide (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), troglitazone and bezafibrate (ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) | Diet supplemented (0.04% nimesulide, 0.05% troglitazone and 0.05% bezafibrate) 1 wk after DSS and for 14 wk | Suppressed development of colorectal cancer [110] |
| 129SvJxC57BL6 male and female mice | i.p. AOM 12.5 mg/kg + 5 days later d.w. DSS 2% for 5 days followed by a 2-wk rest period and again 5 days of DSS | Chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from Lonchocarpus sericeus | i.p. (2.5 mg/mL) 4 wks after the last DSS cycle and for 4 days | Reduced tumor proliferation [111] |
b.w.: body weight; d.w.: drinking water; i.g.: intragastrically; i.p.: intraperitoneal injection; p.o.: per os; s.c.: subcutaneous injection; wk: week; wks: weeks.