Table 2.
Antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) and total polyphenolic content (FOLIN) in Limoncella, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Annurca apples. Each value represents the mean ± SD of three biological and two technical replicates. The same letter indicates not significant differences according to Tukey’s multiple range test (*** p < 0.05).
| Cultivar | FOLIN | ABTS | DPPH | FRAP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/g dw) | (mmol Trolox/Kg dw) | (mmol Trolox/kg dw) | (mmol Trolox/kg) | |
| Peel | ||||
| Limoncella | 2.29 ± 0.05 b | 88.89 ± 3.30 c | 28.21 ± 0.21 b | 61.14 ± 1.76 a |
| Red Delicious | 3.54 ± 0.07 a | 131.95 ± 6.73 a | 42.08 ± 1.05 a | 48.08 ± 0.30 c |
| Golden | 1.64 ± 0.05 c | 58.90 ± 4.40 d | 24.72 ± 0.77 c | 44.61 ± 1.70 d |
| Annurca | 2.13 ± 0.09 b | 104.42 ± 5.39 b | 29.32 ± 1.08 b | 54.40 ± 0.97 b |
| Significance | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Flesh | ||||
| Limoncella | 2.17 ± 0.02 a | 44.19 ± 0.52 a | 15.31 ± 0.28 a | 36.54 ± 1.14 a |
| Red Delicious | 1.21 ± 0,00 c | 28.59 ± 0.00 c | 8.96 ± 0.06 d | 20.75 ± 0.68 c |
| Golden | 1.11 ± 0.01 c | 27.96 ± 0.00 c | 10.43 ± 0.02 c | 17.39 ± 0.56 d |
| Annurca | 1.80 ± 0.02 b | 33.20 ± 2.71 b | 14.07 ± 0.23 b | 25.86 ± 0.36 b |
| Significance | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Whole fruit | ||||
| Limoncella | 2.48 ± 0.05 a | 48.60 ± 0.68 a | 16.97 ± 0.06 a | 38.82 ± 0.43 a |
| Red Delicious | 1.44 ± 0.01 c | 38.36 ± 0.78 c | 12.29 ± 0.54 c | 23.46 ± 0.22 c |
| Golden | 1.26 ± 0.02 c | 31.05 ± 0.18 d | 11.96 ± 0.07 c | 20.44 ± 0.61 d |
| Annurca | 1.94 ± 0.03 b | 40.98 ± 1.19 b | 15.59 ± 0.11 b | 26.63 ± 0.70 b |
| Significance | *** | *** | *** | *** |