Table 5.

Polyphenols content in the peels of “Limoncella,” “Red Delicious,” “Golden Delicious,” and “Annurca” cultivars detected by HRMS-Orbitrap. Values are expressed in μg/g (dw). Each value represents the mean of three biological and two technical replicates. Different letters denote a significant difference between cultivars by analysis of variance [ANOVA]. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05, using Tukey’s post hoc test for mean separation. nd: not detected.

	Limoncella	Red Delicious	Golden Delicious	Annurca
Polyphenols	Peel
procyanidin b1	133.02 ± 1.50 a	44.38 ± 0.52 c	19.52 ± 0.55 d	91.13 ± 2.78 b
catechin	118.59 ± 0.33 a	52.44 ± 0.36 c	40.32 ± 0.62 d	84.35 ± 2.10 b
chlorogenic acid	340.37 ± 15.52 b	127.38 ± 10.05 c	313.13 ± 1.97 b	476.68 ± 6.41 a
caffeic acid	0.12 ± 0.00 a	nd	nd	0.04 ± 0.01 b
procyanidin b2	174.87 ± 18.35 c	195.25 ± 11.58 b	156.64 ± 3.29 c	262.31 ± 2.71 a
epicatechin	367.47 ± 8.46 a	281.59 ± 1.39 c	327.61 ± 7.74 b	342.64 ± 17.87 ab
epicatechin trimer	58.15 ± 7.20 b	91.64 ± 2.11 a	57.17 ± 1.87 b	60.54 ± 1.56 b
epicatechin tetramer	8.19 ± 0.35 b	15.87 ± 0.96 a	7.11 ± 0.13 b	8.22 ± 0.32 b
coumaroyl quinic acid	2.44 ± 0.07 b	2.58 ± 0.07 b	7.80 ± 0.97 b	28.21 ± 3.55 a
rutin	31.80 ± 0.47 b	15.21 ± 0.25 c	13.83 ± 0.98 c	66.06 ± 9.03 a
phloretin-xylo-glucoside	105.72 ± 1.34 b	76.37 ± 1.68 b	88.23 ± 1.81 b	210.85 ± 21.07 a
hyperoside	213.77 ± 2.75 c	427.82 ± 3.20 ab	401.35 ± 7.52 b	468.18 ± 32.74 a
phloridzin	72.47 ± 1.77 c	101.51 ± 3.30 a	66.39 ± 1.82 c	92.06 ± 2.53 b
kaempferolo-3-O-glucoside	73.38 ± 0.21 c	90.97 ± 0.81 b	124.53 ± 7.19 a	87.31 ± 6.84 c
isorhamnetin-glucoside	5.21 ± 0.11 c	28.10 ± 0.08 b	5.07 ± 0.29 c	72.59 ± 6.95 a
apigenin-7-glucoside	1.48 ± 0.01 a	0.80 ± 0.00 c	1.59 ± 0.06 a	1.12 ± 0.04 b
phloretin	0.51 ± 0.01 c	1.55 ± 0.07 b	0.62 ± 0.03 c	3.38 ± 0.07 a
isorhamnetin derivative	0.28 ± 0.00 b	0.24 ± 0.00 b	nd	5.26 ± 0.23 a
Total polyphenols	1707.84 ± 12.53 b	1553.71 ± 25.48 d	1630.91 ± 19.76 c	2360.93 ± 8.89 a