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. 2021 Mar 26;12(4):483. doi: 10.3390/genes12040483

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of known sex-determination systems among anurans across four families (branch in distinct colors) spanning ~200 Mya divergence, due to the well-conserved karyotype and genome-wide synteny revealed by comparative genomics. The chromosome number is based on the genome of Xenopus tropicalis. The chromosomes (Chr9 and Chr10) that are never used as sex chromosomes are omitted. Sex chromosomes were identified from various publications [43,55,59,60,62,63,64,65,66,67]. The tree is obtained from http://www.timetree.org/, accessed on 5 February 2021 and visualized in Figtree (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/, accessed on 5 February 2021).