Table 4.
Summary of the studies on SIRT1 activators with reference to skin outcomes.
| Dietary and Supplementary Interventions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Year | Population | Substance | Key Observations |
| Moreau et al. [48] | 2007 | HDFs skin samples of females aged 37 to 64. |
emulsion enriched with 1% of the yeast Kluyveromyces biopeptides | SIRT1 is expressed in epidermis and dermis. SIRT1 expression is greater in proliferating compared to differentiated keratinocytes. Kluyveromyces biopeptides stimulate SIRT1 expression in keratinocytes and HDFs, decrease beta-galactosidase and enhance DNA integrity. Objective improvement in multiple skin aging symptoms after topical use of the formulation. |
| Lee et al. [49] | 2010 | HDFs and keratinocytes isolated from human skin sample. Mouse skin model. |
Resveratrol Metformin |
SIRT1 activation by RSV and metformin inhibits MMP-9 expression under UVR exposure |
| Park et al. [50] | 2012 | HDFs | Spermidine |
SIRT1 gene expression was increased by spermidine Spermidine inhibits activity and expression of MMP-2 |
| Han et al. [51] | 2012 | HDFs | EGCG | EGCG at high concentration prevents serial passage and H2O2-induced senescence in HDFs via suppression of the p53 without affecting the SIRT1 activity |
| Ruszova et al. [52] | 2013 | HDFs Healthy volunteers aged 40–50 |
Epilobium angustifolium (EA) extract | EA extract downregulated MMP-1,-3 and TIMP-1,-2 by repeatedly UV irradiated HDFs. EA extract diminished SIRT1 downregulation dampened by UV-irradiation and decreased UV-induced erythema formation in vivo. |
| Menendez et al. [53] | 2013 | HDFs | EVOO | EVOO prevents age-related changes in the cell size, morphological heterogeneity, arrayed cell arrangement and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of HDFs by the activation of ER stress and the unfolded protein response, spermidine and polyamine metabolism, SIRT1 and NRF2 signaling. |
| Takata et al. [54] | 2014 | HDFs | Saikokeishito | Saikokeishito protects HDFs from premature senescence by hydrogen peroxide, but had no effect on SIRT1 expression. |
| Watanabe et al. [55] | 2015 |
Sod1−/− mice primary dermal fibroblasts from skin tissue of Sod1−/− neonates |
MSE | Orally MSE and RSV treatment reversed the skin thinning associated with increased oxidative damage in the Sod1−/− mice. MSE and RSV normalized gene expression of Col1a1 and p53 and upregulated gene expression of Sirt1 in skin tissues. |
| De Cabo et al. [56] | 2015 | HDFs | Serum from rats fed on caloric restriction (40%) versus ad libitum diets | CR serum delays the passage-induced senescent phenotype, reduces SA-β-Gal and MMP-2 activity. CR serum prevents SIRT1 downregulation. Overexpression of SIRT1 in late passage human fibroblasts resulted in delayed senescent growth arrest. KO of SIRT1 in early passage cells enhanced MMP-2 activation. |
| Kim [57] | 2016 | UVB-exposed human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells | Garlic | Garlic pretreatment attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines and MMP-1 protein expressions. SA-β-gal and SIRT1 activity were ameliorated by garlic treatment. |
| Wahedi et al. [58] | 2016 | UVB-irradiated HaCaT and HDFs | Juglone | Juglone restored the expression of SIRT1 and Pin1 in almost dose dependent manner in irradiated cells. Juglone treatment upregulated SIRT1 in unirradiated skin cells. |
| Kumar et al. [59] | 2016 | HDFs | Antcins (Antrodia cinnamomea) | Antcin M protects HDFs from hyperglycemia-induced cell-cycle arrest and oxidative injury by upregulation of SIRT1 expression. |
| Shen et al. [60] | 2017 | HDFs | Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide | TFPS relieves H2O2-induced HDFs injury by attenuating oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by upregulation of the SIRT1 pathway. |
| Wang et al. [61] | 2019 | HaCaT | Angelica polysaccharide | AP alleviates LPS-induced injury through upregulating SIRT1 expression and then activating Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway but inactivating NF-κB pathway |
Abbreviations: SIRT1—sirtuin 1; HDFs—human dermal fibroblasts; RSV—resveratrol; MMP-9—matrix metalloproteinase 9; MMP-2—matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP-1—matrix metalloproteinase 1; UVR—ultraviolet radiation; UVB—ultraviolet B; ECCG—epigallocatechin3-O-gallate; H2O2—hydrogen peroxide; TIMP—tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; EVOO—complex of polyphenols naturally present in extra virgin olive oil; ER—endoplasmic reticulum; NRF2—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; MSE—Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon Linn) seed extract; Pin1—peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; CR—caloric restriction; AL—ad libitum; KO—knockout; TFPS—Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide; AP—Angelica polysaccharide; LPS—lipopolysaccharides; NF-κB—nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ROS—reactive oxygen species.