Table 1.

Lipids and lipoprotein abnormalities in CKD patients.

↑ Triglycerides

↑ TG-rich particles

= to ↑ LDL-cholesterol

↓ HDL-cholesterol

↑ Non HDL-cholesterol

↑ Small, dense LDL

↑ Remnants

↑ Lipoprotein(a)

↑ Modified LDL

↑ Apo CIII (in VLDL)

↓ Apo AI/AII

↓ LPL

↓ HL

↓ L-CAT

↑ CETP

= PCSK9

↓ Paraoxonase

CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; TG: Triglyceride; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; Apo CIII: Apolipoprotein CIII; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein; Apo AI: Apolipoprotein AI; Apo AII: Apolipoprotein AII; LPL: Lipoprotein lipase; HL: Hepatic lipase; L-CAT: Lecitin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase; CETP: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein; PCSK9: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9.