ACE-I	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AKT	Protein kinase B
AMPK	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BMC	Bone mineral content
BMD	Bone mineral density
CCC	Cholangiocellular carcinoma
CHD	Coronary heart disease
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CNS	Central nervous system
cOC	Carboxylated osteocalcin
CRP	C-reactive protein
CV	Cardiovascular
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
dp-ucMGP	Dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein
Gas6	Growth arrest-specific protein 6
GGCX	Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Gla	γ-carboxylated glutamic acid
Glu	Glutamic acid
GRP	Gla-rich protein
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
HR	Hazard ratio
IL	Interleukin
JNK	C-Jun N-terminal kinase
metS	Metabolic syndrome
MGP	Matrix Gla protein
MK	Menaquinone
mTORC	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex
NF-кB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
OA	Osteoarthritis
OC	Osteocalcin
OR	Odds ratio
OS	Oxidative stress
PCOS	Polycystic ovary syndrome
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase
PK	Phylloquinone
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SIRT	Sirtuin
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
tOC	Total osteocalcin
UBIAD1	UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1
ucMGP	Uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein
ucOC	Undercarboxylated osteocalcin
VC	Vascular calcification
vitD	Vitamin D
VK	Vitamin K
VKAs	Vitamin K antagonists
VKDP	Vitamin K-dependent protein
ACE-I	angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AKT	protein kinase B
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BMC	bone mineral content
BMD	bone mineral density
CCC	cholangiocellular carcinoma
CHD	coronary heart disease
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CNS	central nervous system
cOC	carboxylated osteocalcin
CRP	C-reactive protein
CV	cardiovascular
CVD	cardiovascular disease
dp-ucMGP	dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein
Gas6	growth arrest-specific protein 6
GGCX	gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Gla	γ-carboxylated glutamic acid
Glu	glutamic acid
GRP	Gla-rich protein
HbA1c	glycated hemoglobin
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
HOMA-IR	homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
HR	hazard ratio
IL	interleukin
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
metS	metabolic syndrome
MGP	matrix Gla protein
MK	menaquinone
mTORC	mammalian target of rapamycin complex
NF-кB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
OA	osteoarthritis
OC	osteocalcin
OR	odds ratio
OS	oxidative stress
PCOS	polycystic ovary syndrome
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PI3K	phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase
PK	phylloquinone
RCT	randomized controlled trial
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SIRT	sirtuin
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
tOC	total osteocalcin
UBIAD1	UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1
ucMGP	uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein
ucOC	undercarboxylated osteocalcin
VC	vascular calcification
vitD	vitamin D
VK	vitamin K
VKAs	vitamin K antagonists
VKDP	vitamin K–dependent protein