Table 2.
Results of statistical analyses for models fitted to the convective drying kinetics data of whole residue (WR), crushed residue (CR) and residue in the form of foam (FR).
Model | Treatment | Temp. (°C) | Parameters of Model | R2 | MSD | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | WR | 50 | k: 0.2558 | 0.9958 | 0.0238 | 0.0006 |
60 | k: 0.3638 | 0.9963 | 0.0221 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | k: 0.4468 | 0.9918 | 0.0334 | 0.0012 | ||
80 | k: 0.6085 | 0.9913 | 0.0344 | 0.0012 | ||
CR | 50 | k: 0.1437 | 0.9943 | 0.0254 | 0.0007 | |
60 | k: 0.2000 | 0.9945 | 0.0261 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | k: 0.2510 | 0.9946 | 0.0259 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | k: 0.3241 | 0.9941 | 0.0268 | 0.0007 | ||
FR | 50 | k: 0.1555 | 0.9910 | 0.0339 | 0.0012 | |
60 | k: 0.2600 | 0.9895 | 0.0359 | 0.0013 | ||
70 | k: 0.4415 | 0.9778 | 0.0545 | 0.0031 | ||
80 | k: 0.6776 | 0.9769 | 0.0579 | 0.0035 | ||
2 | WR | 50 | k: 0.2179; n: 1.1190 | 0.9980 | 0.0166 | 0.0003 |
60 | k: 0.3249; n: 1.1121 | 0.9984 | 0.0144 | 0.0002 | ||
70 | k: 0.3778; n: 1.2049 | 0.9979 | 0.0171 | 0.0003 | ||
80 | k: 0.5456; n: 1.2148 | 0.9983 | 0.0153 | 0.0003 | ||
CR | 50 | k: 0.1520; n: 0.9742 | 0.9948 | 0.0253 | 0.0007 | |
60 | k: 0.2071; n: 0.9787 | 0.9946 | 0.0258 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | k: 0.2446; n: 1.0186 | 0.9947 | 0.0257 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | k: 0.3142; n: 1.0273 | 0.9942 | 0.0264 | 0.0007 | ||
FR | 50 | k: 0.1314; n: 1.0897 | 0.9927 | 0.0305 | 0.0010 | |
60 | k: 0.2227; n: 1.1155 | 0.9922 | 0.0310 | 0.0010 | ||
70 | k: 0.3417; n: 1.3042 | 0.9925 | 0.0318 | 0.0011 | ||
80 | k: 0.5796; n: 1.3925 | 0.9959 | 0.0243 | 0.0006 | ||
3 | WR | 50 | a: 0.9835; k: 0.1411 | 0.9951 | 0.0245 | 0.0006 |
60 | a: 0.9808; k: 0.1947 | 0.9951 | 0.0246 | 0.0006 | ||
70 | a: 0.9911; k: 0.2480 | 0.9948 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 0.9941; k: 0.3215 | 0.9941 | 0.0266 | 0.0008 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 0.9964; k: 0.1548 | 0.9911 | 0.0338 | 0.0012 | |
60 | a: 1.0038; k: 0.2614 | 0.9896 | 0.0359 | 0.0014 | ||
70 | a: 1.0425; k: 0.4648 | 0.9807 | 0.0509 | 0.0028 | ||
80 | a: 1.0690; k: 0.7341 | 0.9826 | 0.0503 | 0.0028 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 0.9835; k: 0.1411 | 0.9951 | 0.0245 | 0.0006 | |
60 | a: 0.9808; k: 0.1947 | 0.9951 | 0.0246 | 0.0006 | ||
70 | a: 0.9911; k: 0.2480 | 0.9948 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 0.9941; k: 0.3215 | 0.9941 | 0.0266 | 0.0008 | ||
4 | WR | 50 | a: 1.6217; k: 0.3307 | 0.9983 | 0.0149 | 0.0002 |
60 | a: 1.6125; k: 0.4669 | 0.9988 | 0.0127 | 0.0002 | ||
70 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.4469 | 0.9918 | 0.0334 | 0.0012 | ||
80 | a: 1.7470; k: 0.8477 | 0.9982 | 0.0158 | 0.0003 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 1.2306; k: 0.1512 | 0.9946 | 0.0257 | 0.0007 | |
60 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.2000 | 0.9945 | 0.0261 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.2510 | 0.9946 | 0.0259 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 1.4397; k: 0.3747 | 0.9947 | 0.0252 | 0.0007 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.1555 | 0.9910 | 0.0339 | 0.0012 | |
60 | a: 1.6110; k: 0.3335 | 0.9931 | 0.0292 | 0.0004 | ||
70 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.4415 | 0.9778 | 0.0545 | 0.0033 | ||
80 | a: 1.0000; k: 0.6776 | 0.9769 | 0.0579 | 0.0037 | ||
5 | WR | 50 | a: −2782.26; b: 26.6772 | 0.9958 | 0.0238 | 0.0006 |
60 | a: −2066.58; b: 27.42001 | 0.9963 | 0.0221 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | a: −1970.75; b: 29.6745 | 0.9918 | 0.0334 | 0.0012 | ||
80 | a: −2031.53; b: 35.1590 | 0.9913 | 0.0344 | 0.0013 | ||
CR | 50 | a: −1998.18; b: 16.9896 | 0.9946 | 0.0257 | 0.0007 | |
60 | a: −1855.69; b: 19.2688 | 0.9945 | 0.0261 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | a: −2174.16; b: 23.3611 | 0.9946 | 0.0259 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: −2069.70; b: 25.9009 | 0.9941 | 0.0268 | 0.0008 | ||
FR | 50 | a: −2665.05; b: 20.3600 | 0.9910 | 0.0339 | 0.0012 | |
60 | a: −2196.12; b: 23.8973 | 0.9895 | 0.0359 | 0.0014 | ||
70 | a: −2212.75; b: 31.2590 | 0.9993 | 0.0545 | 0.0033 | ||
80 | a: −1602.75; b: 32.9552 | 0.9769 | 0.0579 | 0.0037 | ||
6 | WR | 50 | a: 1.0335; k: 0.2416; c: −0.0292 | 0.9975 | 0.0184 | 0.0004 |
60 | a: 1.0370; k: 0.3446; c: −0.0299 | 0.9979 | 0.0164 | 0.0003 | ||
70 | a: 1.0600; k: 0.4350; c: −0.0305 | 0.9952 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 1.0691; k: 0.5914; c: −0.0341 | 0.9956 | 0.0244 | 0.0007 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 1.0224; k: 0.1238; c: −0.0510 | 0.9970 | 0.0192 | 0.0004 | |
60 | a: 1.0125; k: 0.1746; c: −0.0421 | 0.9970 | 0.0225 | 0.0006 | ||
70 | a: 1.0259; k: 0.2219; c: −0.0451 | 0.9970 | 0.0193 | 0.0004 | ||
80 | a: 1.0380; k: 0.2817; c: −0.0558 | 0.9969 | 0.0193 | 0.0004 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 1.0800; k: 0.1225; c: −0.1030 | 0.9974 | 0.0182 | 0.0004 | |
60 | a: 1.0874; k: 0.2103; c: −0.1012 | 0.9959 | 0.0224 | 0.0006 | ||
70 | a: 1.1617; k: 0.3479; c: −0.1438 | 0.9916 | 0.0335 | 0.0013 | ||
80 | a: 1.1189; k: 0.6343; c: −0.0651 | 0.9880 | 0.0418 | 0.0020 | ||
7 | WR | 50 | a: −117.6640; k: 0.4010; b: 0.9960 | 0.9985 | 0.0141 | 0.0002 |
60 | a: −173.6650; k: 0.5634; b: 0.9973 | 0.9989 | 0.0119 | 0.0002 | ||
70 | a: −212.5850; k: 0.7682; b: 0.9971 | 0.9982 | 0.0158 | 0.0003 | ||
80 | a: −212.4990; k: 1.0585; b: 0.9970 | 0.9985 | 0.0145 | 0.0002 | ||
CR | 50 | a: −50.6890; k: 0.1641; b: 0.9975 | 0.9947 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | |
60 | a: −50.0074; k: 0.1390; b: 1.0070 | 0.9954 | 0.0240 | 0.0006 | ||
70 | a: −49.9987; k: 0.1633; b: 1.0084 | 0.9965 | 0.0209 | 0.0005 | ||
80 | a: −48.9982; k: 0.2039; b: 1.0093 | 0.9964 | 0.0181 | 0.0005 | ||
FR | 50 | a: −216.9570; k: 0.2327; b: 0.9980 | 0.9939 | 0.0279 | 0.0008 | |
60 | a: −216.0220; k: 0.1427; b: 1.0029 | 0.9962 | 0.0217 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | a: −216.0500; k: 0.2060; b: 1.0038 | 0.9928 | 0.0310 | 0.0011 | ||
80 | a: −215.9990; k: 0.3670; b: 1.0029 | 0.9879 | 0.0419 | 0.0020 | ||
8 | WR | 50 | a: 0.3371; k: 0.2596; b: 0.3371; c: 0.3371 | 0.9960 | 0.0233 | 0.0006 |
60 | a: 0.3381; k: 0.3706; b: 0.3381; c: 0.3381 | 0.9965 | 0.0212 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | a: 0.3455; k: 0.4676; b: 0.3455; c: 0.3455 | 0.9935 | 0.0298 | 0.0010 | ||
80 | a: 0.3480; k: 0.6422; b: 0.3480; c: 0.3480 | 0.9936 | 0.0295 | 0.0010 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 0.3278; k: 0.1411; b: 0.3278; c: 0.3278 | 0.9975 | 0.0245 | 0.0007 | |
60 | a: 0.3269; k: 0.1947; b: 0.3269; c: 0.3269 | 0.9951 | 0.0246 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | a: 0.3304; k: 0.2479; b: 0.3304; c: 0.3304 | 0.9948 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 0.3314; k: 0.3215; b: 0.3313; c: 0.3314 | 0.9941 | 0.0266 | 0.0008 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 0.3321; k: 0.1548; b: 0.3321; c: 0.3321 | 0.9911 | 0.0338 | 0.0013 | |
60 | a: 0.3346; k: 0.2614; b: 0.3346; c: 0.3346 | 0.9896 | 0.0359 | 0.0015 | ||
70 | a: 0.3475; k: 0.4648; b: 0.3475; c: 0.3475 | 0.9807 | 0.0509 | 0.0031 | ||
80 | a: 0.3563; k: 0.7342; b: 0.3563; c: 0.3563 | 0.9826 | 0.0503 | 0.0031 | ||
9 | WR | 50 | a: 0.5056; k0: 0.2596; b: 0.5056; k1: 0.2596 | 0.9960 | 0.0233 | 0.0006 |
60 | a: 0.5071; k0: 0.3706; b: 0.5071; k1: 0.3706 | 0.9965 | 0.0212 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | a: 0.5183; k0: 0.4676; b: 0.5183; k1: 0.4676 | 0.9935 | 0.0298 | 0.0010 | ||
80 | a: 0.5219; k0: 0.6422; b: 0.5219; k1: 0.6422 | 0.9936 | 0.0295 | 0.0010 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 0.49176; k0: 0.1411; b: 0.4917; k1: 0.141131 | 0.9951 | 0.0245 | 0.0007 | |
60 | a: 0.4904; k0: 0.1947; b: 0.4903; k1: 0.194689 | 0.9951 | 0.0246 | 0.0007 | ||
70 | a: 0.4955; k0: 0.2480; b: 0.4955; k1: 0.2480 | 0.9948 | 0.0256 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 0.4970; k0: 0.3215; b: 0.4970; k1: 0.3215 | 0.9941 | 0.0265 | 0.0008 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 0.4982; k0: 0.1548; b: 0.4982; k1: 0.1548 | 0.9911 | 0.0338 | 0.0013 | |
60 | a: 0.5019; k0: 0.2614; b: 0.5019; k1: 0.2614 | 0.9896 | 0.0355 | 0.0015 | ||
70 | a: 0.5212; k0: 0.4648; b: 0.5212; k1: 0.4648 | 0.9807 | 0.0509 | 0.0031 | ||
80 | a: 0.5345; k0: 0.7342; b: 0.5345; k1: 0.7342 | 0.9826 | 0.0503 | 0.0031 | ||
10 | WR | 50 | a: 0.9679; k: 0.1876; n: 1.1890; b: −0.0004 | 0.9989 | 0.0119 | 0.0002 |
60 | a: 0.9734; k: 0.2936; n: 1.1659; b: −0.0007 | 0.9991 | 0.0106 | 0.0001 | ||
70 | a: 0.9746; k: 0.3442; n: 1.2664; b: −0.0006 | 0.9984 | 0.0147 | 0.0003 | ||
80 | a: 0.9812; k: 0.5169; n: 1.2536; b: −0.0009 | 0.9987 | 0.0136 | 0.0002 | ||
CR | 50 | a: 1.0070; k: 0.1739; n: 0.8473; b: −0.0037 | 0.9985 | 0.0136 | 0.0002 | |
60 | a: 0.9898; k: 0.2084; n: 0.9250; b: −0.0026 | 0.9973 | 0.0184 | 0.0004 | ||
70 | a: 0.9830; k: 0.2338; n: 1.0008; b: −0.0024 | 0.9967 | 0.0202 | 0.0005 | ||
80 | a: 0.9850; k: 0.3004; n: 0.9988; b: −0.0040 | 0.9966 | 0.0202 | 0.0005 | ||
FR | 50 | a: 0.9658; k: 0.1170; n: 1.0785; b: −0.0028 | 0.9972 | 0.0188 | 0.0004 | |
60 | a: 0.9632; k: 0.1908; n: 1.1444; b: −0.0037 | 0.9962 | 0.0218 | 0.0005 | ||
70 | a: 0.9575; k: 0.2840; n: 1.3916; b: −0.0047 | 0.9960 | 0.0233 | 0.0007 | ||
80 | a: 0.9679; k: 0.5265; n: 1.4834; b: −0.0017 | 0.9970 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 |