Table 3.
Effective water diffusivity (Deff), convective mass transfer coefficient (h), Biot number (Bi) and activation energy for different drying conditions of whole residue (WR), crushed residue (CR) and residue in the form of foam (FR).
| Treatment | Temp. (°C) |
Deff (m2/s) | h (m/s) | Bi (Dimensionless) | R2 (Dimensionless) | χ2 × 10−2 (Dimensionless) | Ea (kJ/mol) | R2 (Dimensionless) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WR | 50 | 6.49 × 10−6 | 6.79 × 10−7 | 1.00 × 10−3 | 0.9970 | 2.09 | 22.31 | 0.9064 |
| 60 | 5.57 × 10−6 | 1.02 × 10−6 | 1.75 × 10−3 | 0.9969 | 1.39 | |||
| 70 | 8.22 × 10−6 | 1.29 × 10−6 | 1.50 × 10−3 | 0.9948 | 2.41 | |||
| 80 | 1.12 × 10−5 | 1.76 × 10−6 | 1.50 × 10−3 | 0.9955 | 1.98 | |||
| CR * | 50 | 2.93 × 10−9 | 6.44 × 10−7 | 2.10 × 100 | 0.9962 | 2.28 | 46.71 | 0.9930 |
| 60 | 4.17 × 10−9 | 8.73 × 10−7 | 2.00 × 100 | 0.9962 | 2.12 | |||
| 70 | 8.14 × 10−9 | 8.94 × 10−7 | 1.05 × 100 | 0.9957 | 2.14 | |||
| 80 | 1.28 × 10−8 | 10.91 × 10−7 | 8.20 × 10−1 | 0.9951 | 1.97 | |||
| FR | 50 | 1.54 × 10−8 | 4.51 × 10−7 | 2.80 × 10−1 | 0.9927 | 4.35 | 58.07 | 0.8458 |
| 60 | 6.60 × 10−6 | 6.90 × 10−7 | 1.00 × 10−3 | 0.9916 | 3.74 | |||
| 70 | 3.25 × 10−6 | 1.19 × 10−6 | 3.50 × 10−3 | 0.9863 | 6.54 | |||
| 80 | 1.24 × 10−5 | 1.95 × 10−6 | 1.50 × 10−3 | 0.9878 | 5.60 |
* Values determined by Ferreira et al. [57] for drying of the crushed residue were used in this article.