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Possible different routes of plant-derived vesicles uptake into a target cell. Recipient cells can receive plant-derived vesicles through different, well described uptake mechanisms: Phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The passive membrane fusion is also shown in the figure. The question mark indicates that this mechanisms remains still to be elucidated for PDV uptake, although described for many types of EVs.
