| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| OCA | Obeticholic acid |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin-8 |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| MMPs | Matrix metalloproteinases |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-B |
| HIF-2α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α |
| TCM | Traditional Chinese medicine |
| MTX | Methotrexate |
| FXR | Farnesoid X receptor |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| DMM | Destabilization of the medial meniscus |
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