| CW | CaCO3 whisker |
| PVA | polyvinyl alcohol |
| MSFRC | multi-scale fiber reinforced cement matrix composites |
| ECC | engineered cement-based composites |
| OM | optical microscope |
| SEM | scanning electron microscope |
| NC | normal concrete |
| PF-NC | polypropylene fiber reinforced normal concrete |
| HF-HSC | hybrid fiber reinforced high strength concrete |
| PF-RPC | polypropylene fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete |
| HF-ECC | hybrid fiber reinforced cement-based composites |
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