Table 2.
Mean baseline and after 1 year of intervention values in energy, nutrient, and food intake.
| Variable | Baseline | 1 Year of Follow-Up | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 436 | Decreased Plant Protein Intake (<P50 [−3.22,0.248]) n = 218 |
Increased Plant Protein Intake (>P50 (0.248,5.57]) n = 218 |
Between-Group Differences Postintervention (p-Value) |
|
| Energy, kcal/d | 2292.3 (24.1) | 1942.4 (34.4) *** | 1890.3 (25.3) *** | 0.3523 |
| Fat (%E) | 36.1 (0.2) | 36.9 (0.4) *** | 32.4 (0.5) *** | <0.001 |
| SFA (%E) | 8.7 (0.1) | 8.3 (0.1) | 6.9 (0.1) *** | <0.001 |
| SFA (% total fat) | 26.8 (0.2) | 24.92 (0.29) *** | 23.94 (0.26) *** | 0.0125 |
| MUFA (%E) | 17.7 (0.2) | 18.3 (0.3) *** | 15.8 (0.3) *** | <0.001 |
| MUFA (% total fat) | 54.2 (0.2) | 54.15 (0.49) | 53.65 (0.45) | 0.4511 |
| PUFA (%E) | 6.2 (0.1) | 6.9 (0.2) *** | 6.5 (0.1) | 0.0348 |
| PUFA (% total fat) | 19.0 (0.2) | 20.94 (0.47) ** | 22.42 (0.42) *** | 0.0186 |
| Protein (%E) | 18.2 (0.1) | 18.3 (0.2) | 18.0 (0.2) | 0.3046 |
| Vegetal protein (%E) | 5.0 (0.0) | 4.67 (0.06) *** | 6.15 (0.08) *** | <0.001 |
| Animal protein (%E) | 12.40 (0.1) | 12.87 (0.22) *** | 11.31 (0.17) *** | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (%E) | 42.5 (0.3) | 41.2 (0.5) *** | 46.5 (0.5) *** | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 327.1 (4.5) | 273.4 (6.1) *** | 234.4 (4.5) *** | <0.001 |
| Fibre, g/100 kcal | 1.1 (0.0) | 1.22 (0.02) ** | 1.48 (0.03) *** | <0.001 |
| Fruit, g/100 kcal | 16.3 (0.5) | 21.63 (0.77) *** | 22.36 (0.61) *** | 0.1664 |
| Vegetables, g/100 kcal | 11.5 (0.2) | 13.33 (0.44) ** | 13.51 (0.38) *** | 0.5681 |
| Legumes, g/100 kcal | 1.0 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.04) | 1.46 (0.06) *** | <0.001 |
| Tree nuts, g/100 kcal | 0.4 (0) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.46 (0.04) | 0.2962 |
Values are expressed as mean (SEM). Δ, change; SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; and PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids. Between-group differences were assessed using t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for unpaired data when data did not fit normal distribution, and within-group differences were assessed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test when data did not fit normal distribution. Within-group differences from baseline: ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.