Table 2.

Factor analysis on national resilience (NR) comprising 16 items across the three repeated measurements.

Factor Loading/Explained Variance
Factors, Items, and Theoretical Areas (Scale 1–6)	T1	T2	T3
Factor 1: Belief in the government and the prime minister	26%	25%	24%
1. The Israeli government and the prime minister present high leadership capacities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic	0.81	0.84	0.85
2. During a national crisis, such as the current coronavirus crisis, the civil society will support the decisions of the government and the prime minister	0.71	0.78	0.77
3. I have full confidence in the ability of the security forces (military) of my country to protect our population	0.57	0.45	0.47
11. I believe in the capacity of Israel’s healthcare system to provide for the medical needs of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic.	0.67	0.60	0.58
12. I fully believe in the capacity of the Israeli government to provide for all needs and succeed in containing the current COVID-19 crisis	0.78	0.82	0.82
14. Belief in the Knesset (parliament)	0.66	0.61	0.58
Factor 2: Belief in civil society	17%	17%	16%
7. Cohesiveness between the varied societal sectors is good.	0.71	0.64	0.69
8. A high level of social solidarity characterizes civil society.	0.70	0.76	0.68
9. My society is not characterized by ‘toxic relations’	0.81	0.82	0.74
10. My society is characterized by a reasonable level of social justice.	0.68	0.68	0.71
Factor 3: Patriotism	14%	14%	15%
4. Israel is my home, and I do not plan to leave it	0.84	0.82	0.85
5. Israeli society has effectively managed former crises and will manage effectively the current COVID-19 crisis	0.65	0.68	0.67
6. I am hopeful about the future of my State	0.60	0.66	0.68
Factor 4: Trust in the national institutes	11%	12%	12%
13. The police	0.75	0.77	0.68
15. The education system	0.48	0.60	0.62
16. The media	0.83	0.81	0.79
Overall national resilience scale	69%	68%	67%