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. 2021 Apr 7;22(8):3829. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083829

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biochemical assessments of brain tissue. (A) Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (U/g tissue). (B) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (U/g tissue). (C) Epinephrine (pg/g tissue). (D) Serotonin (ng/g tissue). (E) Melatonin (pg/g tissue). Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. the control. ⁺ p < 0.05, ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 and ⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.001 vs. IONPs. ^x p < 0.05 and ^xx p < 0.01 vs. IONPs + Q25. Error bars represent mean ± SD. n = 5. White color column refers to control. Black color column refers to IONPs. Colored column with different extents refers to different concentrations of quercetin supplementations to IONPs-treated groups.