Apoptotic protein expression in the hippocampal neurovascular unit, detected by western blot assay.
Simulated diabetes-related depression conditions resulted in the significant upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in the hippocampal NVU compared with control conditions. The upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was reversed by both RU-486 and LY341495 treatment compared with the untreated model. However, dexamethasone and LY379268 aggravated the upregulation of these two proteins. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01, vs. control group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, vs. model group (G&P) (one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). A–F: Control, model (glucose and corticosterone, i.e., simulated diabetes-related depression conditions), RU-486 (glucocorticoid receptor blocker), dexamethasone, (glucocorticoid receptor agonist), LY341495 (mGluR2/3 receptor blocker), and LY379268 (mGluR2/3 receptor agonist). mGluR2/3: metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3.