Table 2:
Physical Function, Quality of Life, and Cognition by Frailty Status of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
| Physical Function Variable | Pre-Frail (n=97) | Frail (n=101) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| SPPB total score | 7.0 ± 2.4 | 5.0 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Balance score | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 0.001 |
| 4-meter walk score | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Chair stand score | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| SPPB < 10 | 82 (85%) | 100 (99%) | <0.001 |
| Grip Strength (kg) | |||
| Male (n=89) | 30.0 ± 7.9 | 27.8 ± 9.1 | 0.21 |
| Female (n=105) | 23.2 ± 7.4 | 18.1 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Gait speed, meters/second | 0.70 ± 0.22 | 0.50 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
| 6MWD, meters | 221 ± 99 | 143 ± 79 | <0.001 |
| Quality of Life | |||
| KCCQ Overall Summary Score | 46 ± 21 | 35 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| KCCQ Physical Limitation Score | 53 ± 23 | 42 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Short Form-12 MCS | 44 ± 15 | 44 ± 14 | 0.78 |
| EQ-5D-5L Components | |||
| Mobility | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.008 |
| Self-care | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.14 |
| Usual Activities | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 0.018 |
| Pain/Discomfort | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 0.001 |
| Anxiety/Depression | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 0.09 |
| Thermometer/VAS (0–100) | 62 ± 21 | 53 ± 24 | 0.008 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale Score | 4.2 ± 3.3 | 5.5 ± 3.5 | 0.009 |
| GDS > or equal to 5 | 39 (40%) | 54 (53%) | 0.06 |
| MoCA Total Score | 22.0 ± 4.5 | 21.4 ± 4.5 | 0.94 |
| MOCA < 26 | 73 (75%) | 83 (82%) | 0.23 |
Values presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: 6MWD – six minute walk distance, EQ-5D-5L – EuroQol, KCCQ – Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, MCS – mental composite score, PCS – physical composite score, SPPB – Short Physical Performance Battery, VAS – visual analog scale, MoCA- Montreal Cognitive Assessment