Table 5.
Determinants and their effects on depression of the elderly in urban and rural areas by logistics regression.
| Variables | Urban | Rural | Significance of Difference (Coefficient) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Female | 1.46 * | 1.09, 1.96 | 1.68 ** | 1.46, 1.93 | 0.128 |
| Age | |||||
| 60–64 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| 65–74 | 0.81 | 0.59, 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.88, 1.16 | 0.191 |
| ≥75 | 0.99 | 0.66, 1.49 | 0.90 | 0.73, 1.11 | −0.139 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married and live with spouse | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Married but not live with spouse | 1.22 | 0.57, 2.59 | 0.94 | 0.66, 1.33 | −0.150 |
| Divorced | 0.58 | 0.18, 1.85 | 2.15 * | 1.01, 4.58 | 1.567 * |
| Widower | 1.18 | 0.82, 1.72 | 1.24* | 1.05, 1.47 | 0.106 |
| Never married | 0.48 | 0.04, 6.62 | 1.48 | 0.71, 3.07 | 1.086 |
| Education level | |||||
| Illiterate | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Elementary school and below | 0.82 | 0.54, 1.24 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.10 | 0.097 |
| Middle school | 0.55 * | 0.34, 0.88 | 0.71 * | 0.56, 0.89 | 0.095 |
| High\vocational school and above | 0.40 ** | 0.24, 0.65 | 0.42 ** | 0.29, 0.61 | −0.151 |
| Minorities | |||||
| Han | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Ethnic minorities | 1.11 | 0.67, 1.85 | 1.37 * | 1.08, 1.74 | 0.200 |
| Religious beliefs | |||||
| No | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | |
| Yes | 1.10 | 0.90, 1.35 | 1.12 | 0.94, 1.34 | −0.069 |
| Self-reported health | |||||
| Very good | 1 | - | 1 | - | −0.179 |
| Good | 1.74 | 0.76, 4.00 | 1.35 | 0.97, 1.86 | −0.298 |
| Fair | 2.50 * | 1.22, 5.14 | 1.68 ** | 1.29, 2.19 | −0.637 |
| Poor | 5.98 ** | 2.84, 12.59 | 3.92 ** | 2.98, 5.18 | −0.625 |
| Very poor | 12.74 ** | 5.51, 29.46 | 5.71 ** | 4.08, 7.99 | −0.849 |
| Duration of sleep | |||||
| ≤5 h | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| 6–9 h | 0.42 | 0.33, 0.54 | 0.50 ** | 0.44, 0.58 | 0.181 |
| ≥10 h | 0.66 | 0.37, 1.18 | 0.52 ** | 0.42, 0.65 | −0.239 |
| Life satisfaction | |||||
| Completely satisfied | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Very satisfied | 0.69 | 0.34, 1.42 | 1.24 | 0.89, 1.74 | 0.707 |
| Somewhat satisfied | 1.55 | 0.79, 3.03 | 2.14 ** | 1.54, 2.98 | 0.357 |
| Not very satisfied | 6.57 ** | 2.90, 14.86 | 7.68 ** | 5.23, 11.29 | 0.118 |
| Not satisfied at all | 54.74 ** | 10.36, 289.30 | 15.34 ** | 8.61, 27.33 | −0.650 |
| Chronic disease | |||||
| No | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Yes | 1.68 ** | 1.27, 2.23 | 1.17 * | 1.03, 1.33 | −0.243 |
| Social activities | |||||
| No | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Yes | 0.68 * | 0.51, 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.82, 1.06 | 0.340 * |
| Having income or not | |||||
| No | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Yes | 0.84 | 0.61,1.16 | 0.79 * | 0.68, 0.93 | −0.036 |
Note: (1) Taking the first category as the reference category (the one with the minimum value). (2) OR, odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. (3) Significance of difference (coefficient): interactions analyses between urban and rural sources and all variables are calculated to verify the interaction and check the impacts of the influencing factors. (4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.001.