Table 2.
Antifungal susceptibility, treatment, and outcome of the studied Cryptococcus spp.
| Rare Cryptococcus Species | MIC (µg/mL) a | AST b Method | Treatment | Outcome | Year of Publication | Country of Isolation | Ref. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLC | ITC | PSC | VRC | MCF | ANF | CSF | 5FC | AMB | |||||||
| Cutaneotrichosporon arboriformis | ND | 0.06 | ND | 0.125 | >16 | ND | ND | 4 | 2 | CLSI M27A3 | L-AMB | Survived | 2015 | Japan | [1] |
| <1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8 | 0.5 | Vitek 2 AST-YS01 | AMB 0.5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and oral FLC 400 mg/day for 3 weeks | Survived | 2014 | Korea | [15] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2007 | Japan | [40] | |
| Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus | 4.0–8.0 | 0.25–1.0 | 0.06 | 0.06–0.25 | >16 | >16 | >16 | 1.0–64.0 | 0.25 | Eucast E Def 7.1 | NA | NA | 2010 | Spain | [2] |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >16 | ND | ND | ND | FLC 400 mg/day AMB, 0.7 mg/kg/day for seven days and maintenance for two months. | Died (2 months later) | 1995 | France | [23] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | AMB | Died | 2006 | Poland | [16] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2003 | Japan | [49] | |
| ND | ND | ND | 0.25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.5 | CLSI M27 A3 | Topical AMB 0.15% drops 2 hourly along with oral FLC 400 mg once daily, topical VRC 1% drops 4/day | Survived | 2018 | United Kingdom | [13] | |
| Cutaneotrichosporon cyanovorans | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2013 | Australia | [47] |
| 8 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 8 | 8 | 8 | >64 | 1 | Sensititre Yeast One | VRC | Survived | 2018 | The Netherlands | [14] | |
| 8 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | >64 | 1 | Sensititre Yeast One | No treatment | Survived | ||||
| Cystofilobasidium macerans | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | FLC (200 mg/day) 1 year. | Survived | 1997 | Finland | [29] |
| Filobasidium chernovii | >256 | >32 | 1 | 0.75 | ND | >32 | >32 | >32 | 0.023 | E-test | NA | NA | 2011 | Kuwait | [41] |
| Filobasidium magnus | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 1960 | Portugal | [12] |
| 0.062 | 0.031 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.062 | CLSI M27 S3 | Oral KTC 200 mg oral/day/10 days | Survived | 2018 | Iran | [3] | |
| 8.00–24.00 | 1.00−4.00 | 0.5–1 | 0.12–0.19 | ND | >32 | >32 | >32 | 0.75 | E-test | NA | NA | 2011 | Kuwait | [41] | |
| Filobasidium unigutulattum | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | Survived | 2008 | Mexico | [18] |
| >64 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 0.125 | CLSI M27 A3 | Intravenous AMB (0.7 mg/kg/1 day) plus oral 5FC (100 mg/kg/day) for 11 weeks | Survived | 2011 | China | [48] | |
| 64 | 1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 0.25 | CLSI M27 T | 0.6 mg/kg AMB and 5FC | Survived | 2001 | USA | [4] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 1989 | Nigeria | [36] | |
| 64–256 | 0.5–2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 0.25–1 | CLSI M27 A Sensititre Yeast One | NA | NA | 2002 | Spain | [35] | |
| 128 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | ND | R c | R c | >64 | 0.125 | ND | VRC4 months | Survived | 2015 | USA | [22] | |
| Hannaella luteolus | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | Survived | 1956 | Hungary | [11] |
| 4.0–16.0 | 0.03–0.25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 0.125–0.50 | CLSI M27A/Sensititre Yeast One | NA | NA | 2002 | Spain | [35] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 800 mg FLC for one year | Survived | 2014 | USA | [17] | |
| Naganishia adeliensis | 32/>256 | 0.25/2.00 | ND | 0.25/0.125 | ND | ND | ND | >32/>64 | 0.125/0.094 | CLSI M27 A/E-test | L-AMB 5 mg/kg/day, 120/kg 5FC and intrathecall AMB 0.25 mg/72 h | Died | 2004 | Alemania | [21] |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2005 | Alemania | [42] | |
| Naganishia diffluens | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2003 | Japan | [31] |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2011 | Japan | [33] | |
| <1 | 0.25 | ND | ND | 0.5 | ND | ND | 16 | 8 | CLSI M27 A | ITC 100 mg/day | Survived | 2007 | Turkey | [43] | |
| Naganishia friedmannii | 0.25 | 0.125 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.25 | CLSI M27 A3/S3 | Oral ITC 200 mg/day | Survived | 2017 | Iran | [37] |
| Naganishia liquefaciens | >256 | >16 | >8 | >8 | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 1 | Sensititre Yeast One | AMB (0.7 mg/kg/day) | Died | 2015 | Guatemala | [28] |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | 2003 | Japan | [31] | ||
| 4 | 0.25 | ND | 0.125 | ND | ND | ND | >64 | 2 | CLSI M27 A3 | VRC and profilaxis with FLC 100 mg/day | Survived | 2015 | Japan | [44] | |
| Naganishia uzbekitanensis | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | High-dose FLC | Died | 2011 | USA | [20] |
| Papiliotrema flavescens | 4 | 0.50 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.25 | 0.25 | E-test | AMB (40 mg day) and 5FC (10 g day) | Survived | 1998 | Greece | [27] |
| Solicoccozyma terreus | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 2015 | Mexico | [30] |
| Vanrija humicola | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 1998 | Mexico | [19] |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | ||||
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | ||||
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | ||||
| 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | CLSI M27 A | NA | NA | 1998 | Several Countries | [34] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Intravenous FLC 400 mg plus oral FLC for 4 weeks | Died | 1997 | Poland | [24] | |
| ago-16 | 0.12–0.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.0–16 | 0.5–1 | CLSI M27 A | NA | 2002 | Spain | [35] | ||
| Sensititre Yeast One | |||||||||||||||
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA | 1971 | Italy | [46] | |
| 2.0–16.0 | 0.06–1.0 | 0.03–0.50 | 0.01–0.25 | >16 | >16 | >16 | 8.0–64.0 | 0.03–1.0 | Eucast Def 7.1 | NA | NA | 2010 | Spain | [2] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | L-AMB plus FLC | Survived | 2004 | India | [45] | |
| ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Sistemic ITC (200 mg twice a day/7 days/3 month | Survived | 1996 | Spain | [38] | |
| S c | S c | S c | S c | ND | ND | R c | S c | S c | CLSI M 27 | AMB+VRC+FLC for 3 weeks | Survived | 2007 | Greece | [25] | |
| R c | R c | ND | ND | ND | ND | R c | ND | R c | E-test | AMB (0.7 mg/kg/day); FLC 400 mg twice per day for 8 weeks | Died | 2012 | Malasia | [26] | |
a MIC values separated by hyphens indicate ranges. MIC values separated by bars depict results obtained by different AST methods and are in the same order that the method described in the AST method column. b AST: Antifungal susceptibility testing. CLSI: Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. EUCAST: European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. M27T: CLSI M27 tentative document, CLSI M27 A: approved document. M27S3: CLSI M27 supplemental document 3. NA: Not available ND: Not done. MIC: Minimal inhibitory concentration. FLC: fluconazole. ITC: itraconazole. PSC: posaconazole. VRC: voriconazole. MCF: micafungin. ANF: anidulafungin. CSF: caspofungin. 5FC: 5-fluorocytosine. AMB: amphotericin B. L-AMB: liposomal amphotericin B. KTC: ketoconazole. c There are no clinical breakpoints for Cryptococcus spp. thus these results are wrongly informed in the original paper. However, we included the data considering the scant.