Table 4.

Hemograms of pigeons infected and uninfected with Haemoproteus columbae gametocytes.

Parameter	Unit	Infected Pigeons (n = 20)	Uninfected Pigeons (n = 5)	Normal Range Reported by Ihedioha et al. [29] 1	Change 2	Statistical Significance
Number of erythrocytes	106/mm3	2.10–3.15	3.25–4.60	2.12–3.95	↓	p < 0.001
		(2.49 ± 0.29)	(3.93 ± 0.55)	(3.34 ± 0.38)
Number of leukocytes	103/mm3	11.95–12.85	8.15–11.20	12.50–35.50	↑	p < 0.007
		(12.44 ± 0.34)	(9.61 ± 1.22)	(23.36 ± 7.06)
PCV	%	34–50	45–48	32–55	↓	p < 0.001
		(39.8 ± 4.6)	(46.2 ± 1.6)	(44.5 ± 4.7)
MCV	fl	134.10–218.60	97.83–138.46	109.82–169.09	↑	p < 0.001
		(161.04 ± 18.44)	(119.24 ± 15.34)	(133.86 ± 19.37)
Hemoglobin	g/dL	4.5–10.9	11.5–17.2	7.76–16.00	↓	p < 0.001
		(6.30 ± 1.28)	(13.54 ± 2.26)	(12.89 ± 1.55)
MCH	pg	18.60–35.16	26.30–41.45	n.d. 3	↓	p < 0.001
		(25.39 ± 4.11)	(34.79 ± 5.95)
MCHC	g/dL	10.00–21.80	25.56–35.83	23.57–33.75	↓	p < 0.001
		(15.90 ± 2.72)	(29.22 ± 3.97)	(28.97 ± 2.59)
Plasma protein	g/dL	1.0–4.0	4.1–5.2	n.d. 3	↓	p < 0.001
		(2.4 ± 1.0)	(4.7 ± 0.5)
Fibrinogen	g/dL	0.2–1.0	0.1–0.4	n.d. 3	↑	p < 0.001
		(0.8 ± 0.3)	(0.2 ± 0.1)

¹ Values were calculated based on 64 adult domestic pigeons of both sexes. ² Status of infected pigeons, compared with that of uninfected pigeons. ³ No data.