Table 4.
Adjusted incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the consumption of different types of fish (per 100 g/week) and incident type 2 diabetes (primary outcome) in women in the InterConnect project.
| Cohort (Country) | Fatty Fish | Lean Fish | Seafood | Fried Fish | Salted, Dried Smoked, Fish | Saltwater Fish | Freshwater Fish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||||
| ARIC (US) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) | ||||
| ELSA-Brasil (Brazil) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | |||||
| CARDIA (US) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | ||||||
| MESA (US) | 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.35) | 1,07 (0.81, 1.41) | 0.83 (0.57, 1.22) | |||
| PRHHP (Puerto Rico) | |||||||
| WHI (US) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 1.14 (1.11, 1.17) | |||
| Eastern Mediterranean | |||||||
| Golestan (Iran) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.47) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) | 1.29 (0.02, 93.6) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.52) | |
| Europe | |||||||
| EPIC-InterAct Denmark | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.19) | 1.50 (1.15, 1.96) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | |||
| EPIC-InterAct France | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.46 (0.36, 0.58) | ||||
| EPIC-InterAct Germany | 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) | ||||||
| EPIC-InterAct Italy | 1.14 (0.98, 1.32) | 1.46 (0.95, 2.24) | |||||
| EPIC-InterAct the Netherlands | 1.32 (0.98, 1.78) | 0.62 (0.39, 1.00) | 1.78 (0.66, 4.81) | 0.79 (0.62, 1.00) | |||
| EPIC-InterAct Spain | 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.26) | 0.79 (0.53, 1.18) | |||
| EPIC-InterAct Sweden | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 1.28 (1.09, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | |||
| EPIC-InterAct UK | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 1.45 (0.90, 2.32) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) | |||
| FMC (Finland) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.26) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.15) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19) | |
| Hoorn (the Netherlands) | |||||||
| NOWAC (Norway) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.52) | ||||
| SMC (Sweden) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.18) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | |||
| SUN (Spain) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.24) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) | 1.06 (0.79, 1.43) | 0.41 (0.03, 4.76) | |||
| Whitehall II (UK) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.67, 1.67) | |||
| Zutphen Elderly (the Netherlands) | |||||||
| Western Pacific | |||||||
| AusDiab (Australia) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.27) | ||||||
| CKB (China) | |||||||
| JPHC (Japan) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.16) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | ||
| NHAPC (China) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.49) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | |||
| SWHS (China) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | ||||
| Overall IRR | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
| Heterogeneity | I2 = 46% | I2 = 33% | I2 = 74% | I2 = 64% | I2 = 0% | I2 = 0% | I2 = 47% |
p < 0.05. ARIC—Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; ELSA-Brasil—Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health; CARDIA—Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; MESA—Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; PRHHP—Puerto Rico Heart Health Program; WHI—Women Health Initiative; FMC—Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey; NOWAC—Norwegian Women and Cancer; COSM—Cohort of Swedish Men; SMC—Swedish Mammography Cohort; SUN—Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (University of Navarra Follow-up); AusDiab—Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study; CKB—China Kadoorie Biobank; JPHC—Japan Public Health Center-based; NHARC—Nutrition and Health of Aging Population of China Study; SMHS—Shanghai Men Health Survey; SWHS—Shanghai Women Health Survey. Adjusted for age, sex (if applicable), and education.