Subunit composition of the bovine ATP synthase monomer is mapped according to [15], (Protein Data Bank (PDB): 6ZQM). In the upper part, the subunits α(3) and β(3) of the catalytic domain are red and yellow, respectively; the three central stalk subunits γ, δ and ε, are blue, indigo and green. In the lower part, the membrane domain is composed of the c8-ring and the a subunit (dark grey and light blue); the supernumerary subunits e, f, g, A6L, 6.8PL and DAPIT are khaki, straw yellow, forest green, brick red, lime green and dark pink. On the right of the model, the peripheral stalk subunits OSCP, b, d and F6 are teal, light pink, orange and magenta.