Table 3.
Summary characteristics of the participants’ demographics recruited in the studies included in the systematic review and its quality score.
| Reference (Year) | Study Design | Population | Competitive Level, Country | Sample (N) | Sex | Age (y) | Stature | Body Mass (kg) | QS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abade et al. [47] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, Portugal | 151 | Male | U15 (n = 56): 14.0 ± 0.2 U17 (n = 66): 15.8 ± 0.4 U19 (n = 29): 17.8 ± 0.6 |
U15 (n = 56): 1.71 ± 0.07 U17 (n = 66): 1.76 ± 0.06 U19 (n = 29): 1.77 ± 0.07 |
U15 (n = 56): 60.1 ± 6.3 U17 (n = 66): 65.8 ± 5.5 U19 (n = 29): 70.0 ± 5.6 |
0.78 |
| Akenhead et al. [53] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, UK | 33 | Male | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 1.83 ± 0.05 | 82 ± 8.0 | 0.87 |
| Alexiou and Coutts [52] | Prospective cohort |
Adult | Elite, Portugal | 15 | Female | 19.3 ± 2.0 | 1.69 ± 0.05 | 64.8 ± 7.7 | 0.83 |
| Anderson et al. [87] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, UK | 12 | Male | 25.0 ± 5.0 | 1.80 ± 0.05 | 81.5 ± 7.5 | 0.78 |
| Anderson et al. [106] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, UK | 19 | Male | 25.0 ± 4.0 | 1.78 ± 0.06 | 80.6 ± 8.3 | 0.74 |
| Baptista et al. [97] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Norway | 18 | Male | ND | ND | ND | 0.74 |
| Brito et al. [69] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, France | 13 | Male | 18.6 ± 0.5 | 1.77 ± 0.05 | 70.0 ± 7.3 | 0.78 |
| Campos-Vazquez et al. [50] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Spain | 9 | Male | 26.7 ± 4.5 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 74.5 ± 5.7 | 0.74 |
| Casamichana et al. [115] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Spain | 28 | Male | 22.9 ± 4.2 | 1.77 ± 0.05 | 73.6 ± 4.4 | 0.87 |
| Clemente et al. [89] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Portugal and The Netherlands | 29 | Male | PT (n = 14): 19.21 ± 1.05 NL (n = 15): 25.14 ± 3.90 |
PT (n = 14): 1.80 ± 0.06 NL (n = 15): 1.79 ± 0.06 |
PT (n = 14): 74.07 ± 6.21 NL (n = 15): 73.21 ± 6.46 |
0.74 |
| Clemente et al. [95] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Portugal | 27 | Male | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 1.69 ± 0.41 | 71.6 ± 18.7 | 0.83 |
| Clemente et al. [88] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, Portugal and The Netherlands | 89 | Male | NL1 (n = 18): 25.39 ± 4.82 NL2 (n = 24): 21.46 ± 2.50 NL3 (n = 23): 23.00 ± 3.70 PT (n = 24): 24.70 ± 2.92 |
NL1 (n =18):1.84 ± 0.05 NL2 (n = 24):1.80 ± 0.08 NL3 (n = 23):1.84 ± 0.06 PT (n = 24): 1.81 ± 0.06 |
NL1 (n = 18): 77.29 ± 4.73 NL2 (n = 24): 71.73 ± 8.61 NL3 (n = 23): 74.50 ± 6.90 PT (n = 24): 77.48 ± 6.80 |
0.87 |
| Clemente et al. [105] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Europe * | 19 | Male | 26.5 ± 4.3 | 1.80 ± 7.3 | 75.6 ± 9.6 | 0.83 |
| Coutinho et al. [47] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Portugal | 151 | Male | U15 (n = 2 56): 14.0 ± 0.2 U17 (n = 66): 15.8 ± 0.4 U19 (n = 29): 17.8 ± 0.6 |
U15 (n = 56): 1.71 ± 0.07 U17 (n = 66): 1.76 ± 0.06 U19 (n = 29): 1.77 ± 0.07 |
NL1 (n = 18): 77.29 ± 4.73 NL2 (n = 24): 71.73 ± 8.61 NL3 (n = 23): 74.50 ± 6.90 PT (n = 24): 77.48 ± 6.80 |
0.74 |
| Dalen et Lorås [102] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Pre-Elite, Norway | 18 | Male | 15.7 ± 0.5 | 1.78 ± 4.6 | 67.1 ± 5.5 | 0.83 |
| Gaudino et al. [90] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, UK | 26 | Male | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 1.82 ± 0.07 | 79.0 ± 5.0 | 0.78 |
| Gaudino et al. [118] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, UK | 22 | Male | 26.0 ± 6.0 | 1.82 ± 0.07 | 79.0 ± 7.0 | 0.74 |
| Impellizzeri et al. [54] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | ND | 19 | Male | 17.6 ± 0.7 | 1.79 ± 0.05 | 70.2 ± 4.7 | 0.87 |
| Jeong et al. [55] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Korea | 20 | Male | 24.0 ± 3.0 | 1.78 ± 0.06 | 73.0 ± 4.0 | 0.78 |
| Kelly et al. [70] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, UK | 111 | Male | 27.0 ± 5.4 | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 77.0 ± 6.6 | 0.78 |
| Kelly et al. [65] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, UK | 26 | Male | 27.0 ± 5.4 | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 77.0 ± 6.6 | 0.83 |
| Los Arcos et al. [71] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Spain | 24 | Male | 20.3 ± 2.0 | 1.79 ± 0.05 | 73.0 ± 5.6 | 0.74 |
| Malone et al. [56] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, UK | 30 | Male | 25.0 ± 5.0 | 1.83 ± 0.07 | 80.5 ± 7.4 | 0.70 |
| Martin-Garcia et al. [82] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Spain | 24 | Male | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 1.78 ± 0.64 | 70.2 ± 6.1 | 0.78 |
| Marynowicz et al. [98] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, ND | 18 | Male | 17.1 ± 0.96 | 1.79 ± 4.77 | 70.9 ± 4.7 | 0.83 |
| Oliveira et al. [72] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, ND | 19 | Male | 26.3 ± 4.3 | 1.84 ± 0.07 | 78.5 ± 6.8 | 0.89 |
| Owen et al. [108] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, ND | 16 | Male | 26.7 ± 4.07 | 1.83 ± 0.06 | 78.4 ± 8.03 | 0.74 |
| Owen et al. [99] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Swiss | 29 | Male | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 1.83 ± 0.06 | 78.4 ± 8.0 | 0.83 |
| Rago et al. [107] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Italy | 13 | Male | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 1.82 ± 0.06 | 78.3 ± 5.9 | 0.87 |
| Rago et al. [61] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Spain | 23 | Male | 27.8 ± 3.9 | 1.78 ± 6.4 | 72.7 ± 11.9 | 0.87 |
| Sanchez-Sanchez et al. [91] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Amateur, Brazil | 160 | Male | 20.8 ± 1.7 | 1.76 ± 0.04 | 69.7 ± 2.9 | 0.65 |
| Scott et al. [57] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Elite, Australian | 15 | Male | 24.9 ± 5.4 | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 77.6 ± 7.5 | 0.74 |
| Swallow et al. [110] | Prospective Cohort |
Adult | Pre-Elite, UK | 24 | Male | 26.0 ± 6.0 | 1.81 ± 8.0 | 79.7 ± 7.8 | 0.74 |
| Stevens et al. [83] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, The Netherlands | 28 | Male | 21.9 ± 3.2 | 1.82 ± 0.07 | 76 ± 7.0 | 0.83 |
| Vahia et al. [58] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, UK | 15 | Male | 16.7 ± 1.0 | 1.76 ± 0.05 | 69.9 ± 6.9 | 0.74 |
| Wrigley et al. [60] | Prospective Cohort |
Youth | Elite, UK | 24 | Male | U14 (n = 8): 13.0 ± 1.0 U16 (n = 8): 15.0 ± 1.0 U18 (n = 8): 17.0 ± 1.0 |
U14 (n = 8): 1.61 ± 0.06 U16 (n = 8): 1.74 ± 0.07 U18 (n = 8): 1.79 ± 0.05 |
U14 (n = 8): 48.0 ± 10.3 U17 (n = 66): 67.3 ± 8.1 U19 (n = 29): 73.5 ± 4.4 |
0.78 |
kg—kilogram (SI); m—meters (SI); ND—not described; NL—The Netherlands; PT—Portugal; UK—United Kingdom; U14—under-14; U15—under-15; U16—under-16; U17—under-17; U18—under-18; U19—under-19; QS—quality score. Note: * Country is not specified.