Table 3.
Contextual factors associated with the different disease clusters using partial proportional odds regression
| CMD-PD |
MUS-PD |
CMD-MUS |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 or 2 diseases vs none |
2 diseases vs no diseases or 1 disease* |
1 or 2 diseases vs none |
2 diseases vs no diseases or 1 disease* |
1 or 2 diseases vs none |
2 diseases vs no diseases or 1 disease* |
|||||||||||
|
Variable |
AOR |
95%CI |
AOR |
95%CI |
AOR |
95%CI |
AOR |
95%CI |
AOR |
95%CI |
AOR |
95%CI |
||||
| Age (years) | 19-34# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| 35-49 |
0.90 |
(0.57,1.41) |
0.99 |
(0.65, 1.52) |
1.65 |
(1.03, 2.65) |
||||||||||
| 50-64 |
2.17 |
(1.37, 3.44) |
1.69 |
(1.08, 2.65) |
5.35 |
(3.29, 8.70) |
10.70 |
(5.29, 21.62) |
||||||||
| 65-79 |
3.52 |
(1.81, 6.84) |
2.55 |
(1.32, 4.93) |
0.97 |
(0.44,2.14) |
8.13 |
(4.15, 15.92) |
17.05 |
(7.53, 39.06) |
||||||
| >80 |
6.59 |
(2.73, 15.91) |
2.75 |
(1.19, 6.36) |
25.64 |
(10.16, 64.66) |
||||||||||
| Gender | Male# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Female |
1.67 |
(1.28, 2.19) |
1.85 |
(1.43, 2.41) |
1.46 |
(1.12, 1.91) |
||||||||||
| Education | High# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Middle |
0.98 |
(0.67, 1.44) |
1.14 |
(0.78, 1.65) |
1.17 |
(0.81, 1.70) |
||||||||||
| Low |
1.20 |
(0.84, 1.72) |
1.11 |
(0.78, 1.58) |
1.14 |
(0.81, 1.62) |
||||||||||
| Civil status | Married or partnered# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Widowed or divorced |
1.19 |
(0.80, 1.77) |
1.11 |
(0.75, 1.65) |
1.01 |
(0.69, 1.48) |
||||||||||
| Single |
1.37 |
(0.89, 2.10) |
0.95 |
(0.62, 1.44) |
0.96 |
(0.61, 1.50) |
||||||||||
| Employment | Paid work# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Retirement |
1.51 |
(0.89, 2.57) |
1.20 |
(0.71, 2.02) |
4.50 |
(2.13, 9.49) |
1.39 |
(0.84, 2.30) |
||||||||
| Benefits |
1.94 |
(1.03, 3.65) |
1.49 |
(0.77, 2.87) |
5.40 |
(2.31, 12.63) |
1.36 |
(0.70, 2.62) |
||||||||
| Homemaker |
1.13 |
(0.72, 1.79) |
1.11 |
(0.70, 1.75) |
3.38 |
(1.66, 6.85) |
1.31 |
(0.85, 2.02) |
||||||||
| Financial stress |
No# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Yes |
1.91 |
(1.38, 2.66) |
1.90 |
(1.38, 2.62) |
1.12 |
(0.78, 1.61) |
1.85 |
(1.17, 2.91) |
||||||||
| Loneliness | Low score# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| High score |
1.82 |
(1.39, 2.37) |
3.50 |
(2.16, 5.66) |
2.22 |
(1.73, 2.84) |
1.13 |
(0.88, 1.45) |
||||||||
| Smoking | No# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| Former smoker |
1.06 |
(0.79, 1.40) |
1.07 |
(0.82, 1.42) |
1.17 |
(0.87, 1.58) |
0.75 |
(0.52, 1.08) |
||||||||
| Yes |
1.14 |
(0.81, 1.61) |
1.19 |
(0.85, 1.65) |
1.08 |
(0.77, 1.52) |
0.86 |
(0.58, 1.28) |
||||||||
| Alcohol intake | <7(f)/14(m) units/week # |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| ≥7(f)/14(m) units/week |
1.20 |
(0.89, 1.61) |
0.79 |
(0.59, 1.04) |
1.30 |
(0.95, 1.77) |
||||||||||
| Body mass index | BMI<25# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| BMI 25-29.9 |
1.46 |
(1.10, 1.94) |
1.21 |
(0.92, 1.59) |
1.75 |
(1.33, 2.31) |
||||||||||
| BMI≥30 |
3.05 |
(2.16, 4.32) |
1.62 |
(1.15, 2.27) |
3.54 |
(2.52, 4.98) |
||||||||||
| Physical activity | >5 days/week# |
Ref |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||
| ≥5 days/week | 1.35 | (1.05, 1.73) |
1.07 | (0.83, 0.36) | 1.69 | (1.09, 2.62) | 1.24 | (0.97, 1.57) | ||||||||
CMD – cardiometabolic diseases, MUS – musculoskeletal pain, PD – psychological distress, AOR – adjusted odds ratio, CI – confidence interval, # – reference group, m – male, f – female
*Two odds ratios are reported for covariates where the associated estimates vary across the logit equations; one odds ratio is reported for covariates where the proportional odds assumption was not violated.