Table 4.
Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Risk Factors of HAI (n =27) and CAI (n =43) Groups
| Total | HAI | CAI | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=70 | n=27 | n=43 | z, χ2 | p value | |
| Final diagnosis on the PA isolation date (%) | |||||
| VAP (ventilator-associated pneumonia) | 13 (18.6) | 13 (48.2) | 0 | - | - |
| KSI (blood stream infection) | 6 (8.6) | 6 (22.2) | 0 | ||
| HP (hospital pneumonia) | 6 (8.6) | 6 (22.2) | 0 | ||
| HUTI (hospital urinary tract infection) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | ||
| UTI (urinary tract infection) | 16 (22.9) | 0 | 16 (37.2) | ||
| CAP (community-associated pneumatic) | 16 (22.9) | 0 | 16 (37.2) | ||
| STI (soft tissue infection) | 6 (8.5) | 0 | 6 (14.0) | ||
| IAI (intra-abdominal infection) | 3 (4.2) | 0 | 3 (6.9) | ||
| CBSI (community-bloodstream infection) | 2 (2.9) | 0 | 2 (4.7) | ||
| Meningitis | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | ||
| Comorbid patients, n (%) | |||||
| CVS diseases | 27 (38.6) | 12 (44.4) | 15 (34.9) | 0.640 | 0.424 |
| KOAH | 12 (17.1) | 5 (18.5) | 7 (16.3) | 0.059* | 0.526 |
| Neurological diseases | 9 (12.9) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (9.3) | 1.257* | 0.292 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (12.9) | 3 (11.1) | 6 (14.0) | 0.120* | 0.517 |
| Malignant diseases | 7 (10.0) | 3 (11.1) | 4 (9.3) | 0.060* | 0.554 |
| Renal diseases | 6 (8.6) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (11.6) | 1.329* | 0.394 |
| Skin-soft tissue pathologies | 5 (7.1) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (7.0) | 0.005* | 0.645 |
| Invasive procedures and applications during the PA isolation period, n (%) | |||||
| Hemodialysis | 24 (34.3) | 19 (70.4) | 5 (11.6) | 25.402 | 0.000 |
| Endotracheal application | 27 (38.6) | 23 (85.2) | 4 (9.3) | 40.307 | 0.000 |
| Enteral nutrition | 49 (70.0) | 16 (59.3) | 33 (76.7) | 2.415 | 0.120 |
| Peripheral venous catheter | 48 (68.6) | 18 (66.7) | 30 (69.8) | 0.074 | 0.786 |
| Nasogastric | 26 (37.1) | 16 (59.3) | 10 (23.3) | 9.209 | 0.002 |
| Peripheral artery catheter | 24 (34.3) | 19 (70.4) | 5 (11.6) | 25.402 | 0.000 |
| Decubitus | 22 (31.4) | 17 (63.0) | 5 (11.6) | 20.281 | 0.000 |
| Central venous catheter | 21 (30.0) | 11 (40.7) | 10 (23.3) | 2.415 | 0.120 |
| Urinary catheter | 26 (37.1) | 16 (59.3) | 10 (23.3) | 9.209 | 0.002 |
| Mechanical ventilator | 21 (30.0) | 17 (63.0) | 4 (9.3) | 22.742 | 0.000 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 14 (20.0) | 3 (11.1) | 11 (25.6) | 2.171 | 0.141 |
| Transfusion | 14 (20.0) | 6 (22.2) | 8 (18.6) | 0.136 | 0.713 |
| Cystostomy | 13 (18.6) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (16.3) | 0.387 | 0.534 |
| Bronchoscopy | 7 (10.0) | 7 (16.3) | 0 | 4.884* | 0.038 |
| Steroid | 7 (10.0) | 3 (11.1) | 4 (9.3) | 0.060* | 0.554 |
| Tracheotomy | 3 (4.3) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (4.7) | 0.036* | 0.671 |
| Chest tube | 3 (4.3) | 0 | 3 (7.0) | 1.968* | 0.279 |
Note: *Fisher’s exact test.