Fig. 1. Experimental protocol.

a) With both the paretic and non-paretic limb, participants performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and then four experimental conditions: rest, dynamic bilateral ankle movement, dynamic unilateral ankle movement, and isometric unilateral ankle contraction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the ipsilateral (black) and contralateral (light gray) hemisphere for each target limb. Limb order was randomized within each task, and order of stimulation to the ipsilateral or contralateral hemisphere was randomized for each target limb. Dynamic conditions always occurred after the resting condition and before the isometric unilateral condition. The order of dynamic conditions (bilateral or unilateral) was randomized. b) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the ipsilateral (black) and contralateral (light gray) hemisphere for each target limb. The lesioned hemisphere is denoted with a black circle. c) During dynamic ankle movement tasks, the target limb was secured to a custom designed ankle-tracking device. Participants performed ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion to match the position of their ankle (dashed gray line) with the position of a computer-generated sine wave (black line). D) During isometric unilateral ankle contractions, participants performed isometric dorsiflexion with the target ankle while the other ankle remained at rest. Participants maintained an EMG level that was matched when stimulation was applied during dynamic tasks.