Table 2.
Social selection
| OR (95.0% CI) | p-value | aOR (95.0% CI) | p-value | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | |||||
| Reading 12 years below grade | |||||
| Internalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 1.85 (1.09–3.13) | 0.022 | 1.81 (0.96–3.43) | 0.069 | 706 |
| Gender | 0.47 (0.31–0.71) | < 0.001 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.44 (0.28–0.68) | < 0.001 | |||
| Externalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 1.57 (0.91–2.68) | 0.104 | 1.20 (0.62–2.34) | 0.586 | 706 |
| Gender | 0.47 (0.31–0.72) | < 0.001 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.44 (0.28–0.69) | < 0.001 | |||
| English language 12 years below grade | |||||
| Internalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 1.88 (1.11–3.17) | 0.018 | 2.15 (1.17–3.95) | 0.013 | 688 |
| Gender | 0.93 (0.63–1.38) | 0.721 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.38 (0.25–0.58) | < 0.001 | |||
| Externalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 2.37 (1.42–3.94) | 0.001 | 2.65 (1.47–4.79) | < 0.001 | 688 |
| Gender | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 0.837 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.40 (0.26–0.61) | < 0.001 | |||
| Mathematics 12 years below grade | |||||
| Internalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 1.89 (1.11–3.23) | 0.020 | 1.92 (1.04–3.56) | 0.038 | 695 |
| Gender | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 0.926 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.49 (0.32–0.76) | 0.001 | |||
| Externalizing 3 years ≥ 90th percentile | 1.86 (1.09–3.17) | 0.023 | 1.43 (0.75–2.72) | 0.273 | 695 |
| Gender | 1.00 (0.66–1.49) | 0.979 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.50 (0.32–0.77) | 0.001 | |||
| Model 2 | |||||
| Incomplete grades compulsory school | |||||
| SDQ emotion 12 years≥ 90th percentile | 1.51 (0.77–2.93) | 0.229 | 2.35 (1.07–5.12) | 0.032 | 901 |
| Gender | 0.82 (0.48–1.42) | 0.477 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.34 (0.18–0.63) | 0.001 | |||
| SDQ conduct 12 years≥ 90th percentile | 2.42 (1.42–4.11) | 0.001 | 2.60 (1.30–5.22) | 0.007 | 901 |
| Gender | 1.00 (0.58–1.73) | 0.990 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) | 0.001 | |||
| Model 3 | |||||
| Non-eligibility higher education | |||||
| SDQ emotion 12 years≥ 90th percentile | 1.81 (1.06–3.09) | 0.031 | 1.95 (1.06–3.59) | 0.031 | 760 |
| Gender | 0.51 (0.36–0.74) | < 0.001 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.36 (0.25–0.52) | < 0.001 | |||
| SDQ conduct 12 years≥ 90th percentile | 2.53 (1.57–4.07) | < 0.001 | 2.24 (1.29–3.89) | 0.004 | 760 |
| Gender | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | 0.002 | |||
| Parental education level 12 years | 0.35 (0.24–0.52) | < 0.001 | |||
Odds ratios in predicting academic performance
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. 0 is used as a reference level. N presented for adjusted models. Model 1: Dependent variables: academic performance in reading, English language and mathematics (0 = “at grade level”, “somewhat above grade “and “far above grade”, 1 = far below grade”, “somewhat below grade”). Independent variables: CBCL internalizing and externalizing (0 < 90th percentile, 1 ≥ 90th percentile), gender (0 = boys, 1 = girls), parental education level (0 ≤ 12 years of schooling, 1 > 12 years of schooling). Model 2: Dependent variables: final grades compulsory school (0 = complete grades, 1 = incomplete grades). Independent variables: SDQ emotion and conduct (0 < 90th percentile, 1 ≥ 90th percentile) gender (0 = boys, 1 = girls), parental education level (0 ≤ 12 years of schooling, 1 > 12 years of schooling). Model 3: Dependent variables: non-eligibility to higher education (0 = eligibility, 1 = non-eligibility). Independent variables: SDQ emotion and conduct (0 < 90th percentile, 1 ≥ 90th percentile) gender (0 = boys, 1 = girls), parental education level (0 ≤ 12 years of schooling, 1 > 12 years of schooling)
CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, CBCL Child Behaviour Checklist, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire